This application note describes essential test setups and test procedures for 3GPP power amplifiers especially for production lines.

04-Sep-2002 | AN-No. 1MA40

The R&S VSA and R&S UAF video analyzers have been designed for measurements on CCVS signals. Under certain conditions, they can also be used for measuring the primary colour components RGB and TV signals in the S-Video format.

21-Feb-2003 | AN-No. 7BM29E

Development of modern EW systems is a complex and expensive process, that requires thorough testing against all requirements during all phases of development. To keep cost under control, system level testing in the lab is key and brings several advantages: test cases can be reproduced under the exact same conditions as often as necessary. System level testing in the lab is often performed in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) environment. This application note provides some insight into generating radar signals for hardware-in-the-loop testing with the R&S®SMW200A. An introduction to HIL testing and realtime operation of the R&S®SMW200A is given. The hardware and software interface, the PDW format and synchronization and timing mechanisms are described. Additionally, various example scenarios and detailed information about intermediate calculations are provided. The application note also provides information about system requirements for advanced PDW streaming with multiple emitters on multiple parallel streams.

22-Jan-2021 | AN-No. 1GP124

LLC resonant converters achieve very high efficiency levels due to soft switching. However, during the power-on phase such a converter might behave differently until the controller has reached a steady state. Measuring the inrush current and the power-on time ensures that they are within standards and comply with the data sheet.

29-Nov-2018

This application note provides basic information about settling time measurements and describes how frequency settling time measurements can be easily and convenient performed using a modern spectrum analyzer with integrated signal analysis capabilities.The analog demodulation measurement application R&S®FSxx-K7 performs frequency and phase settling time measurements using a modern wideband concept, and results are obtained easily and convenient with an integrated settling time measurement capability.

18-Jun-2022 | AN-No. 1EF112

Electronic systems like electronic control units (ECU) must pass several stringent qualification tests in order to be approved for automotive use. These tests include a reverse polarity test which is specified as part of ISO 16750‑2. In line with the specification, the electronic module must withstand a negative supply voltage for a specific time without suffering any damage. The R&S®NGU401 source measurement unit (SMU) is ideal to perform this task, plus it provides automated testing capability.

23-May-2022

The R&S® Broadcast Test Center BTC supports the new “Next Generation Broadcast Standard ATSC 3.0” with BTC firmware version 2.20 and later.This application note describes the necessary settings in the user interface of the R&S® Broadcast Test Center BTC.

27-Mar-2018 | AN-No. 1GP119

This application note discusses the use of the WOOSHCOM® DHEI output interface adapter (model 3010), which converts the transport stream from DHEI format into DVB-ASI. Further processing and analysis of the transport stream signal then becomes available with any of the Rohde & Schwarz Test & Measurement instruments. It also describes how to extract an unencrypted transport streams out of a Motorola IRT.

08-Jun-2004 | AN-No. 7BM40

This application note outlines two different approaches for remote-controlling Rohde & Schwarz instruments out of MathWorks MATLAB:The first one uses VISA connection and direct SCPI commands.The second approach takes advantage of Rohde & Schwarz VXI plug&play instrument drivers and MATLAB Instrument Control Toolbox.

12-Jun-2017 | AN-No. 1MA171

Load pull is a powerful method for characterizing RF power amplifiers through impedance variation. Load pull enables model extraction and validation as well as performance, ruggedness and efficiency testing.

02-Sep-2020

This application note examines both the theory and practice of state-of-the-art spectrum analysis by discussing specific measurements taken on an integrated RF amplifier.The theoretical portion of this document first describes how modern spectrum analyzers are designed and how they work. That is followed by a brief characterization of today's signal generators, which are needed as a stimulus when performing amplifier measurements. The effects on the spectrum that are caused by the nonlinearity of real devices under test are derived mathematically.The practical portion of this application note contains detailed test and measurement tasks that are suitable for use as lab exercises performed in small groups. The purpose of these tasks is to illustrate the explanations provided in the theoretical section and to provide a deeper understanding of the principles explained there.

05-Mar-2013 | AN-No. 1MA201

Simultaneous simulation of all important constellations and frequency bands makes the GNSS simulator in the R&S®SMW200A the perfect solution for testing your GNSS receiver in the lab.

11-Sep-2018

The option ZVR-B7 allows an enhanced power calibration of the source and of the receiver channels of a ZVR, then being active instead of the standard factory power calibration. Using an external power meter, the power level of input or output wave quantities will be adjusted to a desired value at an arbitrary reference plane.

29-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ41

This application note describes how to use the mask and limit test features of the R&S®RTO, R&S®RTE and R&S®RTM Digital Oscilloscopes for EUT monitoring of signal forms, jitter etc. with the R&S®EMC32 Measurement Software. The mask test function allows autonomous characterization of digital signal integrity during EMS tests. R&S®EMC32 software records violations of userdefined limits or mask templates and evaluates the immunity threshold at frequencies of critical electromagnetic susceptibility.

20-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA242

The hardware-in-the-loop options for the R&S®SMBV100B and the R&S®SMW200A GNSS simulators enable realistic, cost-efficient and flexible testing in a user-controlled environment.

03-Jun-2019

High throughput is the key production metric for efficient operation. Improving test speed helps reduce the cost per device. The R&S®PVT360A performance vector tester is optimized for high speed production tests.

12-Apr-2023

This application note provides a summary of the current test solutions available with Rohde & Schwarz equipment. The opportunities provided by the individual devices are presented briefly and a demonstration using a spectrum analyzer and a vector signal generator is described.

14-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA112

Its dual-path concept plus its ability to duplicate baseband signals make the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator ideal for efficient GSM/EDGE AMsuppression conformance testing.

28-Feb-2017

Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar, military Air Traffic Surveillance (ATS) radar and meteorological radar operate in S-Band frequency range. In fact 4G communication systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) make also use of these frequencies. Test and measurement of their coexistence is absolutely essential as performance degradation of mobile devices and networks and even malfunction of ATC radars has been proven.This application note describes LTE and S-Band radar coexistence test and measurement. It addresses LTE user equipment, base stations and S-Band radars and presents test solutions.

28-Mar-2014 | AN-No. 1MA211

The present R&S®SMW-K506 Interface Control Document contains information on► the R&S descriptor word format, including ARB descriptor words and control descriptor words in deterministic and instant mode► Timing requirements and limitations of the interface► Properties of the network interface (Connector designation: HS DIGIQ).It is intended for use by customers using descriptor words to control the R&S®SMW200A in real-time. The interface control document specifies the interface between the customer’s hardware used for provision of descriptor words and the R&S®SMW200A HS DIGIQ interface. Additional information on descriptor word processing inside the R&S®SMW200A is provided.

17-Mar-2022 | AN-No. 1GP134

Its high measurement speed makes the R&S®EVS300 level and modulation analyzer ideal for reliable ILS runway measurements at maximum speed.

16-Dec-2015

GSM standard 11.10 prescribes a number of tests requiring measurements on mobile stations under multichannel conditions (fading). The combination of Radiocommunication Tester CRTP02 or CRTC02 and Signal Generator SMIQ allows cost-effective performance of the most important fading tests, in particular the tests according to sections 13.2, 14.2 and 14.3 of GSM 11.10. The aim of this application note is to familiarize the user with all the capabilities offered by the above combination of measuring instruments. The user should then be able to quickly generate and run his own fading tests using the IEC/IEEE-bus control commands described in this application note. To facilitate reading of the following, the testers CRTP02 and CRTC02 are referred to as CRTx.

07-Nov-1997 | AN-No. 1MA02

Receiver diversity improves reception quality by using multiple antennas with a preferably low correlation factor between each receive path. The result is a much more robust reception, since a deep fade will not affect all received signals at the same time.However, the complex geometry and positioning constraints for antennas of the receiving devices can introduce an unwanted correlation between channels. The popular diversity test setup consisting of several independent transmitters does not serve the needs of a realistic simulation, because radio channel correlation is not simulated.This application note explains a compact and versatile MIMO test solution for any common broadcast standard with real time fading including the simulation of channel correlation for a 1x4 MIMO system.The test setup allows very precisely specified individual multipath profiles.

11-Oct-2017 | AN-No. 1GP114

This Application Note describes signal generation with carrier aggregation for 802.16m based on 802.16e signals in practical important configurations using one or more Vector Signal Generators R&S SMU200A or R&S SMBV100A. Various examples illustrate how to analyze these signals using the Vector Signal Analyzer R&S FSQ, R&S FSG or R&S FSV.

22-Mar-2010 | AN-No. 1MA173

Noise figure is an important parameter that describes the noise contribution of an electronic device. A classical approach to measure the noise figure is to use a noise source which delivers two different input noise powers by switching between a “hot” and a “cold” state and a noise receiver (e.g. a spectrum analyzer).In contrast to this approach, using a vector network analyzer with the “Cold Source” approach eliminates the need for a noise source. A cold source noise power measurement followed by an available gain measurement of the device under test is sufficient to determine the noise figure of the device. This application note describes the “Cold Source” technique for measuring noise figure on the R&S®ZNA family of vector network analyzers.Background equations are provided for an analysis of noise factor, noise figure and noise temperature on a device under test and a cascade of devices.Based on a measurement example the user will be guided through the process of setting up a noise figure channel and performing a noise figure measurement. In addition, various measurement options are reviewed, providing guidance as to when and how each option should be utilized to improve the noise figure results.

23-Dec-2021 | AN-No. 1SL378

With a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope

31-Dec-2018

Nearly all analog NTSC broadcasting has ended in the US, Canada and South Korea. The digital switchover to ATSC in Mexico is expected to be completed by the end of 2016. ATSC receivers must fulfill the recommendations described in “ATSC Recommended Practice: Receiver Performance Guidelines” (document A/74:2010) before they can be sold freely in the markets that have adopted the standard. In addition, Recommendation ITU-R BT.2036-1 (07/2016), titled “Characteristics of a reference receiving system for frequency planning of digital terrestrial television systems”, includes the planning factors for an ATSC reception system, with a reference to ATSC Recommended Practice A/74:2010, because operation is in a more dynamic environment.

29-Sep-2016 | AN-No. 1GP111

EMI debugging, FPC, FPC1000, FPC1500, EMC compliance test, EUT The combination of high power and current being sharply switched on and off has a lot of potential for EMI. EMI debugging a switched-mode power supply with R&S®FPC1000/ R&S®FPC1500 EMI debugging, FPC, FPC1000, FPC1500, EMC compliance test, EUT The combination of high power and current being sharply switched on and off has a lot of potential

30-Jun-2019

Adjacent Channel Power performance of power amplifiers used in digital TV systems has to be guaranteed over a wide frequency range, 54 to 890 MHz, which may lead to time consuming test procedures. The application software described here provides swept ACP analysis, using AMIQ and SMIQ for signal generation and FSP, FSU or FSE for signal analysis. ACP measurement is performed according to FCC Regulation 47CFR 73.622(h).

16-Oct-2001 | AN-No. 1MA43

FSxRecordPlay is a program for recording the trace data in frequency and time domain from Rohde & Schwarz spectrum analyzers and measurement receivers via IEEE bus, LAN/Internet or internal remote control connection. The stream waveform data can be played back and analyzed directly in this software with variable speed.

20-May-2010 | AN-No. RAC-0605-0004