Voice over IP for air traffic control

19-Nov-2012

In addition to the main function, power electronic circuits very often have to provide other essential functions such as interfacing with submodules to fulfill system design requirements. Power designs therefore include bus communications in combination with a microcontroller. This can easily lead to more complex designs that may have a negative impact on the conducted emission measurements. Sometimes these auxiliary functions generate emissions infrequently, making it challenging to locate and isolate the root cause. An instrument with a very fast FFT analysis capability is essential to find infrequent events efficiently.

03-Mar-2023

Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when con-necting Windows®-based test instrumenta-tion to other computers via local area net-works (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while insuring that instrument performance is not compro-mised.The paper discusses the use of anti-virus software. It also outlines how to keep the Windows® 7 operating system properly updated through regular installation of OS patches.

27-Jan-2015 | AN-No. 1DC01

The R&S®ESW-B8 and R&S®ESW-B8E extended bandwidth options allow the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver to measure with a resolution bandwidth of up to 80 MHz. The increasing number of wideband applications (e.g. radar sensors) and accompanying standards means there is now a greater interest in wide bandwidth measurements.This application note describes the following topics for the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver:► Characteristics and implementation of RF signal paths► Image responses and how their rejection is handled ► Ultrawideband measurement applications as required e.g. by ETSI standards► Solutions for efficiently coping with bandwidth limitations in the range above 8 GHz

19-Nov-2020 | AN-No. 1EE26

The R&S®EDST300 efficiently and precisely analyzes TACAN and DME ground stations, making it ideal for commissioning and regular maintenance.

16-Feb-2017

Analyzing RF pulses is a key aspect of pulsed radar applications, e.g. in air traffic control (ATC), maritime radar or scientific measurements of the ionosphere. It is essential to analyze the pulse envelope in the time domain because it contains important information needed to characterize the application. The R&S®RTO digital oscilloscope is a very useful measurement instrument for analyzing pulse characteristics.

09-Nov-2017

High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3GPP release 6 feature for WCDMA. Objective is to achieve uplink data rates of up to 5.76 Mbps and increase throughput and capacity. This application note introduces HSUPA concepts and explains key features.

09-Feb-2006 | AN-No. 1MA94

Use of FSE Spectrum Analyzer for adjacent channel power measurements with wideband CDMA signals is explained. Optimum operation is shown by explanation the signal behavior and the internal structure of the FSE. The spectrum analyzer family FSE, featuring a very high dynamic range is an outstanding equipment for this purpose. Up to 73 dB dynamic range are attained.

17-Mar-1998 | AN-No. 1EF40

This application note provides information how to perform spectral emissionmeasurements on pulsed signals with spectrum analyzers using RBW filters with verywide bandwidth, and explains the capabilities and the limiting factors of the Rohde &Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement.

06-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1EF106

To measure linearity, a single R&S®CLG cable load generator generates the entire full digital channel load of a cable TV network. When the R&S®CLG is used together with the R&S®ETL TV analyzer, the resulting bit error ratio (BER) or carrier-tointerference noise ratio (CINR) can be directly determined in line with IEC 60728-3-1.

18-Jun-2013

broadcasting transmitters, allocated frequencies, monitoring control center, RF power, Automatic monitoring of emission parameters of registered broadcasting transmitters Automatic monitoring of emission parameters of registered broadcasting transmitters broadcasting transmitters, allocated frequencies, monitoring control center, RF power, Automatic monitoring of emission parameters of registered broadcasting

04-Sep-2006

The R&S®BTC broadcast test center generates DVB-C2 signals for receiver tests with a variety of simulated interference types. The selection tests stipulated by the DVB Project require a cable TV network with full channel load. Combining the R&S®BTC broadcast test center and the R&S®CLG cable load generator makes it quick and easy to create a flexible cable TV network with full channel load and to simulate all types of realistic interference, permitting tests in accordance with DVB.

30-Jul-2013 | AN-No. 7BM88

DIRECTV®, a digital TV broadcast system, makes use of transport packets with a length of 130 bytes rather than the more common 188 bytes used in MPEG TS streams. The inputs on the R&S® SFU do not accept transport streams in the DIRECTV® format. This Application Note introduces R&S® DIRECTV tool and explains how it can be used to convert existing 130-byte-based DIRECTV® transport stream content to 188-byte-based ISO 13818-1 streams that are compatible with the R&S® SFU SPI input or the internal R&S® SFU TRP player. This tool is intended for Rohde & Schwarz customers who are licensed to operate an R&S® SFU-K9 DIRECTV coder or R&S® SFU-K108 AMC coder.

05-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 7BM69

This application note describes the use of the R&S FSUP26/50 with frequency dividers to extend cross correlation range to higher frequencies.

10-Apr-2007 | AN-No. 1EF56

This document presents a simple procedure for network analysis that is more cost-effective than the use of scalar network analyzers. It allows the accurate measurement of the transmission characteristics of filters, amplifiers and frequency converters over a large frequency and dynamic range. In order to reach very high measurement speeds, Rohde & Schwarz signal generators are operated in 'List Mode', and Rohde & Schwarz power meters are operated in 'Buffered Mode.' The required programming for the signal gene­rator and the power meter is illustrated by excerpts from a Visual Basic program which is available, free of charge, upon request.

14-Jul-2006 | AN-No. 1MA101

The R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer with integrated LO output and direct IF input options is a simple, cost-effective solution for 2-port and 4-port measurements using Rohde & Schwarz mmWave converters.

27-Apr-2023

Long acquisitions at maximum resolution with the history function

01-Dec-2017

How to configure generic devices in R&S®ELEKTRA

R&S®ELEKTRA is able to communicate with many devices. Still, it is impossible to integrate drivers for all devices. Hence, R&S®ELEKTRA offers the possibility to integrate any device by configuring a generic driver. The configuration file contains commands that translate the language of the device for R&S®ELEKTRA and vice versa.

04-May-2023 | AN-No. 1SL398

8NT01 MIMO Channel,Field Measurements,MIMO Evaluation,R&STSMx,R&SROMES Assessing a MIMO Channel 8NT01 MIMO Channel,Field Measurements,MIMO Evaluation,R&STSMx,R&SROMES

31-Aug-2017 | AN-No. 8NT01

Multiple antenna systems, known as MIMO systems, form an essential part of today’s wireless communications standards. The multi-antenna technology efficiently boosts the data throughput without requiring additional bandwidth or transmit power and has thus become a key technology. Rohde & Schwarz offers compact and versatile MIMO test solutions with realtime fading including simulation of channel correlations.This application note explains how to set up Rohde & Schwarz signal generators for 2x2, 4x2 and 2x4 MIMO tests with a focus on signal routing, synchronization of the generators, and leveling. Please note that there is a successor application note available: 1GP97. It explains how to use the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator for testing higher order MIMO systems such as 3x3 and 4x4.

14-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 1GP51

CERTIUM VCS is a purely IP based communications infrastructure that can be used to address shelter scenario challenges.

14-Jun-2023

This application note describes how to measure the antenna pattern of a mm-Wave device in the R&S®ATS1000 shielded chamber. This includes the required calibration of the measurement setup and a possible near field to far field transformation when measuring larger devices.

28-May-2018 | AN-No. 1MA304

The required bandwidth span for power amplifiers is growing, driven by the latest 5G and satellite enhancements.Ideally, amplifiers support multiple bands. This makes wideband testing more essential than ever before.

19-May-2020

Road safety is a global challenge at present and will be in the future. Automotive radar has become a keyword in this area and pushes again a step forward to increase driving comfort, crash prevention and even automated driving.Driver assistance systems which are supported by radar are already common. Most assistant systems are increasing the drivers comfort by collision warning systems, blind-spot monitoring, adaptive cruise control, lane-change assistance, rear cross-traffic alerts and back-up parking assistance.Today's 24 GHz, 77 GHz and 79 GHz radar sensors clearly need the capability to distinguish between different objects and offer high range resolution. That is possible with increased signal bandwidth.Furthermore, those radar systems need to cope with interference of many kinds like the one from other car's radar.This Application Note addresses signal measurements and analysis of automotive radars that are crucial during the development and verification stages. It also shows a setup to verify the functionality of a radar in case of radio interference.

10-Jun-2016 | AN-No. 1MA267

Make more accurate power rail measurements.

17-Jul-2018

The compact R&S®CMA180 Radio Test Set allows straighforward tests on devices that use analog or digital modulation and demodulation formats. This application note focusses on the use of the digital radio capabilities for measurements on radio transceiving devices in terms of their functionality and parameter characterization. Also shown is how to use the instrument with the various software tools available from Rohde & Schwarz for creating and evaluating digitally modulated signals. Various software examples are provided as free download along this paper. This application note addresses readers who develop, produce or optimize digital radio transmitting and receiving devices or maintain analog radio communication equipment alongside those with digital modulation.

10-Feb-2017 | AN-No. 1MA277

Simultaneously measure various current levels from μA to A in all phases of IoT device activity – from sleep to receive and transmit mode

01-Oct-2019

This Application Note describes characterization of devices used in radar systems with pulsed signals. The emphasis is on measurements using vector network analyzers (VNAs), signal generators, vector signal generators and spectrum analyzers.

18-Jan-2008 | AN-No. 1MA124

Verify and optimize your product design under realistic fading conditions in a deterministic lab environment that allows repeatable measurements using standardized and user-defined fading profiles.

27-Oct-2020

This application note is a systematic guide to help test engineers configure the Vector Network Analyzer in order to perform compliance test on Automotive Ethernet cables according to the Open Alliance TC9 standard.

13-Aug-2019 | AN-No. GFM323