To quantify uncertainties for network analyzer measurements, the influence of the entire system (network analyzer plus test setup and DUT) has to be taken into account. Usually, the overall uncertainty of the complete measurement setup is determined with the aid of a verification kit, containing highly accurate verification standards. Of course, the verification standards need to have the same connector type as the DUT. If such verification standards are not available, the overall error has to be estimated.

28-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ29

Short test times in conjunction with accurate and repeatable measurement results are essential when testing and calibrating mobile phones at board level. The R&S FSP Spectrum Analyzer offers wide dynamic range, stable and accurate results within shortest sweep time, making it the ideal choice for high-volume production testing. The utilisation of both the list mode feature and the marker list function for the Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSP, with its unsurpassed measurement speed via remote control are demonstrated in this application note.

29-Aug-2003 | AN-No. 1MA65

The R&S®QPS quick personnel security scanner transforms people-screening technology with its high-performance, fully electronic and solidstate flat panel design that has no moving parts. The R&S®QPS improves the security screening experience and operations by having a simple open design for a spacious screening environment and unobstructed view for security personnel, making high-resolution people screening more comfortable and efficient than ever before.

15-Apr-2019

The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer offers fast and easy-to-use transmitter testing for the demanding DOCSIS 3.1 cable modem (CM) and cable modem termination system (CMTS) requirements.

12-Apr-2016

As well as static tests, modern mobile communication standards also stipulate measurements under fading conditions, sometimes with additional white gaussian noise AWGN. Rohde & Schwarz supports these tests with the combination of the R&S®CMU200 Radio Communication Tester and the R&S®SMU200A or R&S®AMU200A Vector / Baseband Signal Generator and Fading Simulator. Applying fading and noise always raises the crest factor of a signal considerably. Thus, automatic path attenuation inside the Rohde & Schwarz baseband fader prevents the new signal peaks from being clipped at I/Q full scale. Any additional attenuation in the baseband, however, makes the RF output fall below its intended level. This application note shows how to achieve an accurate RF output level by compensating for the I/Q attenuation - without modifying the test setup or using additional instruments.

09-Jan-2009 | AN-No. 1MA135

The strict requirement of network synchronization is as old as digital cellular mobile networks. As soon as cells have a neighbor relationship, network synchronization is mandatory in both the frequency and time domains in order to ensure UE QoE and performance (Handover, MIMO, data throughput, etc.). This educational note describes how 5G NR with its extremely flexible specifications is affected by these synchronization requirements, and how it can be measured?

17-Aug-2021 | AN-No. 8NT05

Integration of instruments with an Ethernet interface, such as the R&S®OSP open switch and control platform, into a pure GPIB bus system.

02-Aug-2010

A turnkey 5G Field-to-Lab solution based on R&S®CMX500

5G New Radio (NR) is the fifth-generation radio interface and radio access technology (RAT) which was officially published by 3GPP in release 15. With the 5G technology, it enters a new era to meet the ever-increasing demands of mobile communications not only in the conventional cellular communication world, but also in the vertical industries.Since the commercialization of 5G NR, worldwide 162 networks have been deployed as per the report of GSA. On the path to the 5G NR network commercialization and service launch, field test is one of the essential user centric processes that User Equipment (UE) vendors should go through. Sophisticated features and versatile deployment options have to be thoroughly checked to ensure the reaching of certain confidence level before the official launch.However, field test is often linked with some challenges, such as► High costs due to the extensive drive tests► Time tedious analysis of a drive test that lowers the efficiency► Lack of test repeatability that makes the regressing tests impossibleWhat if providing an alternative solution in a laboratory environment to cope with all above mentioned challenges during the field test? R&S® as a world-wide well established test measurement equipment manufacturer and solution provider developed a 5G field-to-lab (F2L) turn-key solution, R&S®CM360°. It features► the simulation of the network with the real network configurations to avoid the cost intensive drive test by utilizing mobile radio tester R&S®CMX500► intuitive tools to visualize, drill down the problems and therefore enhance the debugging efficiency based on R&S®SmartAnlytics► the specialized key performance indicator (KPI) tests configured through real network data offered on R&S®CMX500 that guarantee the test reliability and repeatabilityThis application note aims to demonstrate the status of quo R&S®CM360° F2L solution.

16-Jul-2021 | AN-No. 1SL369

This white paper summarizes the technology options for supporting voice and short message service (SMS) in LTE, including circuit switched fallback (CSFB), SMS over SGs, and voice over LTE (VoLTE).

11-May-2011 | AN-No. 1MA197

Rohde & Schwarz offers a powerful tool for remote control of their oscilloscopes - the RsInstrument Python module. This module enables users to control and automate their Rohde & Schwarz test & measurement instruments, including oscilloscopes, through Python scripts or interactive console communication.

14-Dec-2023

This application note explains how to synchronize the signals from multiple R&S®SMBV100A vector signal generators in time.The synchronization of the instruments is based on a master-slave principle where one R&S®SMBV100A acts as master and supplies all necessary synchronization signals to the other instruments (slaves). The setup is simple and provides highly synchronized test signals. Time synchronous signals are needed in several applications. The master-slave setup is ideal for basic MIMO tests, certain GNSS test scenarios and WLAN IEEE 802.11ac non-contiguous channel generation. Furthermore, synchronous baseband signals are the basis for generating phase coherent RF signals with the R&S®SMBV100A.

09-Jul-2013 | AN-No. 1GP84

This application note describes essential test setups and test procedures for 3GPP power amplifiers especially for production lines.

04-Sep-2002 | AN-No. 1MA40

Ethernet communications has been introduced in automotive networks to enable fast and cost efficient data communications, e.g. for the rearward camera or audio/video streaming. In the OPEN alliance (www.openSIG.org), the automotive industry has standardized the BroadR-Reach® physical layer as the automotive Ethernet communications standard. It will be part of the IEEE 802.3 standard. BroadR-Reach® uses full duplex twisted pair communications, enabling 100 Mbit/s data transfer. For interface verification the OPEN Alliance has specified a BroadR-Reach® conformance test with six test cases.

27-Mar-2015

This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to legacy cable assemblies supporting USB3.1 Gen2, USB3.1 Gen1, and USB2.0. Based on 5 Gbps signaling per lane with vector network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz.

18-Jan-2024 | AN-No. 1SL406

LLC resonant converters achieve very high efficiency levels due to soft switching. However, during the power-on phase such a converter might behave differently until the controller has reached a steady state. Measuring the inrush current and the power-on time ensures that they are within standards and comply with the data sheet.

29-Nov-2018

3-Port Adapter ZVR-B8 is an optional accessory to all Vector Network Analyzers of the ZVR family, namely ZVRL, ZVRE, and ZVR, and extends the two test ports PORT1 and PORT2 to a total of three test ports PORT1, PORT2 and PORT3. The option comprises an electronic single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) by means of which PORT1 of the analyzer is switched to either PORT1 or PORT3 of 3-Port Adapter. Test port PORT2 of the analyzer is directly connected to PORT2 of the 3-Port Adapter and is not switched over.

04-Aug-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ26

The Internet of Things (IoT) is considered the driving force of current and future wireless communications. In release 13, 3GPP has specified Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) as a new physical layer. This application note gives a short introduction to NB-IoT and shows the easy measurements with Rohde & Schwarz instruments.

30-Jun-2017 | AN-No. 1MA296

This application note offers a straightforward description of how to analyze EMI problems using the Rohde & Schwarz Oscilloscopes. The discussion begins by covering the basic mechanisms that can result in unwanted RF emissions and then describes how to proceed in analyzing EMI problems. Finally, a practical example is given to illustrate the analysis process.

25-Jun-2014 | AN-No. 1TD05

The R&S MATLAB® Toolkit for Signal Generators provides routines for remote controlling these instruments. Additional MATLAB® scripts turn I/Q vectors into the Rohde & Schwarz waveform file format for use with an ARB. This application note describes the installation and use of the R&S MATLAB® Toolkit on Microsoft Widows and Linux based systems.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP60

This application note describes how to generate cdma2000 signals for wide ranging receiver tests under fading conditions for cdma2000 450/Cellular/PCS/IMT-2000 mobile and base station equipment. The test setup requires an Rohde & Schwarz Universal Radio Communication Tester CMU with IQ-IF interface option CMU-B17 and a baseband fading simulator ABFS. The cdma2kFadLevCor program included with this application note performs a semi automatic level correction of the power fed to the Device Under Test (DUT).

21-Jan-2005 | AN-No. 1MA64

This application note shows how to perform Bluetooth transmitter measurements with the CMU200 in a reduced signaling mode, in which the protocol handshake between the Bluetooth Equipment Under Test, the EUT, and CMU200 is skipped. This additional CMU200 feature allows both more flexible and faster RF testing of Bluetooth modules. A step-by-step example with SMIQ demonstrates the principles and serves as a reference for integrating this method in user-specific test strategies.

04-Feb-2003 | AN-No. 1MA49

The R&S®QPS product family provides high resolution security scanning and was specifically designed to promote faster, more effective and comfortable people screening at security checkpoints. Utilizing safe millimeterwave radio frequency technology, the R&S®QPS security scanners automatically and safely detect potentially dangerous person-borne threats and contraband.

24-Jan-2019

This application note provides a description of the Rohde & Schwarz Click Rate Analyzer software.In conjunction with the R&S®ESR EMI Test Receiver 4-channel operation is applicable. With R&S®ESU and R&S®ESCI EMI Test Receivers the Click Rate Analyzer software is limited to one channel. This software performs click rate analysis in accordance with CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 14-1 / EN 55014-1. It features realtime graphic display of the maximum peak and quasi-peak values. After the measurement, a test report can be displayed and printed.

15-Jan-2015 | AN-No. 1EE25

The CMW500 wideband radio communication tester and the CMX500 radio communication tester are ideal for testing smartphones and tablets to meet EU energy efficiency index standards.

28-Feb-2025

Impedance measurements with vector network analyzers require maximum precision. The R&S®ZNL is able to characterize a broad range of impedances with the lowest uncertainty among its competitors in the same class.

02-Oct-2019

Noise-Power-Ratio (NPR) measurements are a common procedure and a simple but useful tool to characterize the performance of power amplifiers for satellites or other multi-channel communication systems. The main advantage is the use of wideband signals like noise, multi-carrier CW tones or I/Q modulated signals, which leads to a better simulation of the real environment. This application note provides information how to generate these signals with a vector signal generator and perform NPR measurements with spectrum analyzers. With the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator any desired test signal can be created. The R&S®FSW spectrum and signal analyzer offers an automated function for NPR measurements. The limiting factors of both a vector signal generator and a spectrum analyzer are explained. Measurement examples show the practical results of NPR measurements.

24-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1EF108

Ensure that your M2M device equipped with an embedded SIM can deliver permanent and ubiquitous connectivity around the globe

22-Aug-2019

This application note shows how to configure the R&S®AdVISE visual inspection software to automate the immunity testing in line with EN 55020 and CISPR 35 on TV sets and monitors.

30-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1S007

This application note provides a summary of the current test solutions available with Rohde & Schwarz equipment. The opportunities provided by the individual devices are presented briefly and a demonstration using a spectrum analyzer and a vector signal generator is described.

14-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA112

This educational note covers the theory and practice oscilloscopes based on concrete measurement examples that address authentic everyday tasks.The theoretical portion of this paper begins with an explanation of the basic operating concepts for oscilloscopes, followed by a discussion of the most important parameters to be considered when setting up and performing the exercise measurements. The practical portion of the educational note contains detailed measurement tasks that can be performed by small groups in the university lab. These exercises are intended to demonstrate and reinforce the knowledge gained in the theoretical portion. The exercises build upon one another and demonstrate measurement tasks that are frequently encountered by engineers in daily work.

16-Jan-2018 | AN-No. 1MA265