The CMW500 wideband radio communication tester and the CMX500 radio communication tester are ideal for testing smartphones and tablets to meet EU energy efficiency index standards.

28-Feb-2025

When measuring the performance of 802.11 wireless LAN compatible receivers, Packet Error Rate (PER) tests are the method of choice today. This application note describes a simple way to conduct PER tests using signal generators on any 802.11 device, independent of their physical layer design (11b, 11a or 11g). The application software works with standard Windows™ drivers on any card independent of manufacturer. No additional hardware specific software is needed. Easy setup of the source signal is included with direct upload to an SMIQ or AMIQ.

09-Jan-2012 | AN-No. 1GP56

A lack of lip synchronicity is an effect that can severely impair the quality of TV reception. With modern digital signal processing, this audio-to-video delay occurs much more often than in earlier times when analog signal generation was used. The total delay can reach several hundred milliseconds, which is immediately noticeable on a TV home receiver. To prevent such impair-ments, the audio-to-video delay must be measured.

27-Aug-2002 | AN-No. 7BM44

Analyzing RF pulses is a key aspect of pulsed radar applications, e.g. in air traffic control (ATC), maritime radar or scientific measurements of the ionosphere. Analyzing the envelope and the modulation of the pulse is essential, because they contain important information to characterize the application. The R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP oscilloscopes are capable of triggering precisely on a pulse as a prerequisite for time domain and frequency domain analysis. This document describes the use of the R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP to trigger exactly on pulses in preparation for further in-depth measurements such as RF pulse measurements on an ATC signal.

13-Mar-2019

Verify and optimize your product design under realistic fading conditions in a deterministic lab environment that allows repeatable measurements using standardized and user-defined fading profiles.

27-Oct-2020

This application note introduces the reader to the SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition project and their special demands for the electrical drive train. Common motor technology like brushless motors and their typical control methods widely used in the industry are also discussed within this document.However, the main focus of this paper is a demonstration of a power measurement method of a three-phase inverter by means of a 4-channel oscilloscope. Not only the theory of the power measurement is presented but also the conducted measurement is presented including tips and tricks to obtain the best measurement results.The measurement solution provided by Rohde & Schwarz was mandatory for the TUM Hyperloop team to overcome challenges in optimization of the electrical drive train used in the SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition project.Many thanks to Mr. Johannes Ungar and Faruk Centinkaya (TUM Hyperloop) for contributing significantly to this application note. By combining their expertise in electrical drive trains used in the Hyperloop Project and with a Test & Measurement solution from Rohde & Schwarz, we have achieved synergies that will be beneficial for any design and test engineers in the industry.

31-Mar-2021 | AN-No. GFM360

This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to Type-C cable assemblies supporting USB4 Gen3, USB4 Gen2, USB 3.2 Gen2, USB3.2 Gen1, and USB2.0.

30-Nov-2023 | AN-No. 1SL405

With the R&S®Pulse Sequencer radar simulation software, users can easily and intuitively create scenarios for simulation of angle of arrival (AoA). Together with multiple coupled R&S®SMW200A vector signal generators, this solution allows quick and thorough performance characterization of all types of direction finding equipment such as devices that use amplitude comparison, interferometric or time difference of arrival (TDOA) techniques. This document describes our test solution for testing devices that use amplitude comparison techniques.

02-Apr-2020

ZVR is a vector network analyzer equipped with selective input channels for determining phase relations. Thus a wide dynamic range can be obtained. For measurements on frequency-converting DUTs (output frequency not identical to input frequency), the generator and receiver frequency ranges can be separately set. For measurements on DUTs using a built-in conversion oscillator, as is the case here, the conversion frequency must be exactly known so that the receiver can be accurately tuned to the respective output frequency. The maximum receiving bandwidth is 26.5 kHz. When a wide dynamic range is required, this bandwidth has to be reduced with the consequence that the requirement for the DUT output frequency and the ZVR receive frequency to be in agreement will be greater.

04-Aug-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ31

This application note is step by step guide on 5G New Radio (5G NR) signal generation and analysis capabilities using the R&S®SMW200A Vector Signal Generator equipped with software option SMW-K144 (5G NR option), in combination with the R&S®FSW Signal and Spectrum Analyzer and the software options FSW-K144 & FSW-K145 (5G NR Downlink & Uplink Signal Analysis). The R&S®VSE Vector signal explorer has also been used for analysis purpose in parallel to the FSW-K144 & FSW-K145 software options.It is assumed that the reader already has a deep understanding of the 5G New Radio standard as well as the testing aspects. If not, then please refer to the 5G eBook more a detailed overview on the fundamentals, procedures, testing aspects of the 5G NR technology.

22-Nov-2019 | AN-No. GFM322

When MPEG-2 transport streams are transmitted, the program clock reference PCR is transmitted as a time reference in the receiver. A sufficiently accurate and correctly received PCR is a precondition for correct data display in the receiver. This Application Note provides an overview of definitions, functions and use of the PCR. It also explains the recommended measurements of the current measurement guidelines and offers detailed instructions on how to use the PCR measurement functions of the R&S DVM family.

01-Jun-2006 | AN-No. 7BM55

Ensures compliance of IEEE 802.3bj/by/cd/ck cables with fast automation and easy testing.

04-Oct-2022

DVB-T signal quality is determined by measuring the modulation error ratio (MER). However, a poor MER does not indicate its causes since different interference factors overlap at the transmitter when a signal is generated and transmitted. The R&S®ETL TV test receiver now has a unique new measurement capability that makes it possible to demonstrate to what extent the modulator's phase noise affects the MER.

13-Jul-2012

Two test setups which demonstrate the Bit Error Rate (BER) test function of either an SMIQ (with option B21) or an AMIQ (with option B1) are described. The tester generates the FSK modulated RF or IF signal as well as carries out the BER test. The analog Marker FM Demodulator from an FSP/FSU spectrum analyzer is used as an online FSK demodulator.

06-May-2002 | AN-No. 1MA57

DECT standard ETS 300 175-2 prescribes among others measurement of the transmit power and the unwanted power in adjacent channels. Following a brief introduction into DECT, this Application Note describes the standard-conforming measurement of the normal transmit power NTP and the unwanted adjacent-channel power ACP using a spectrum analyzer from the FSE family ( firmware version 1.63 and higher). Option FSE-B7 (Vector Signal Analyzer) is required for measuring the normal transmit power NTP since the signal must be demodulated for this measurement. Due to the wide dynamic range of FSEA20 and FSEA30, the adjacent channel power ACP can be measured without bandpass filters suppressing the transmit channel. Option FSE-B7 is not required for measuring the adjacent-channel power.

28-Apr-1998 | AN-No. 1EF42

For several years, vehicle manufacturers and government agencies have sought ways to increase road safety, manage traffic efficiently and, in the future, make driving more comfortable, convenient and safe. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a new generation of information and communication technology that connects vehicles to everything and can support these objectives. V2X is designed to offer low-latency vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications to add a new dimension to future driver assistance systems.Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is defined as the communications standard by 3GPP in Release 14 and uses LTE technology as the physical interface for communications.The LTE C-V2X Scanner provides customers an opportunity to verify, test, and optimize ITS traffic systems that are being deployed or are already established. The scanner accomplishes this by passively listening to PC (5.9GHz) messages that are being broadcast from RSU (roadside units), vehicles or any other C-V2X enabled device. Traditional scanner measurements regarding RF signal power and quality such as RSRP, RS-CINR and RSSI, are provided for each physical channel (PSCCH and PSSCH) as well as decoded ITS message content for all three regions (North America, EU, China).

21-Oct-2022 | AN-No. 8NT07

This Application Note describes the method to perform a valid Access Probe Power and Standby Power measurement for CDMA2000 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO by using the R&S CMW500’s GPRF analyzer list mode functionality.

25-May-2012 | AN-No. 1CM99

This application note shows how to use Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and analyzers for testing early 5G New Radio components, chipsets and devices. Methods for easy creation and analysis of custom OFDM are explained. The solution provides● a single user interface for signal generation and analysis configuration● Flexible OFDM configuration and signal generation incl. flexible pilot and data allocation● User defined modulation schemes including complex scenarios, e.g. 5G NR PSS

23-Oct-2017 | AN-No. 1MA308

RTH, EN 50160 standard, Scope Rider, RTH-K34, RTH-K15 Providing eight test instruments in one rugged, battery-operated device, the R&S®RTH handheld digital oscilloscope is a flexible and powerful solution for this application. Measuring power quality in electrical installations RTH, EN 50160 standard, Scope Rider, RTH-K34, RTH-K15 Providing eight test instruments in one rugged, battery-operated device

25-Aug-2017

The simple network management protocol (SNMP) can be used in a wide range of applications, as described in Rohde & Schwarz Application Note 7BM65 “The Simple Network Management Protocol: Remote Controlling for Monitoring Devices“. In particular, the option of centrally managing monitoring sensors – such as the R&S DVM for RF and baseband signals in digital broadcasting – shows the potential of this technology. However, the protocol alone is not enough to achieve this management functionality. Specialized management applications are needed that carry out the SNMP requests and display the results graphically. This application note and the associated SNMP example application will show how the R&S DVM family can be used for this type of application. Rohde & Schwarz customers can use the included source code (programming language: C#) to make the modifications needed for their own situations.

31-May-2007 | AN-No. 7BM66

The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is one of the parameters in RF systems that measures the impedance mismatch. Under ideal conditions, when the load is perfectly matched to the source, the VSWR will be 1. A mismatch in the system causes reflections that will increase the VSWR and lead to losses in transmission. Although most RF components are typically designed and specified with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω , applications and system components for cable television are designed and specified with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ω . This application note describes the measurement procedure for VSWR measurements in 75 Ω systems using the R&S®FSH3-TV handheld TV analyzer.

01-Mar-2008 | AN-No. 7BM72

The R&S®ZVA-Zxxx and R&S®ZCxxx mmWave converters extend the R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer frequency range up to 1.1 THz.

27-Feb-2025

The R&S®RTB2000 digital oscilloscope lets you share your scope’s display with any computer/projector via LAN or Internet. The oscilloscope comes with an RJ-45 Ethernet jack and a built-in web server (as standard). The screen is displayed via a direct connection to a PC, via LAN or over the Internet.

21-Mar-2017

In car-to-car communications scenarios, fading is always present and has an enormous impact on the received signal. The R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator lets you perform the most accurate and reproducible receiver tests under car-to-car fading conditions. The required car-to-car radio channel models have been extracted from real field trials and specified by the CAR 2 CAR Communication Consortium. Now it is possible to verify receiver performance under controlled conditions in the lab.

06-Nov-2017

Connecting simulation and measurements on physical devices

This application note is based on collaborative work between MathWorks® and Rohde & Schwarz. The focus is on linearization of a non-linear device, in our case the RF power amplifier. It is shown how simulation and the integrated functions of the Rohde & Schwarz instruments R&S®SMW200A and R&S®FSW work hand-in-hand with the simulation capabilities from MathWorks in MATLAB / Simulink. The goal is to provide a toolset to enable proper modeling and linearization approaches to optimize and verify the behavior of the power amplifier when used with complex wideband signals as used in 5G NR or latest satellite links.The application note brings code examples and an exemplary block set for MATLAB / Simulink to provide an easy start to replicate and use the described procedure.

05-Aug-2021 | AN-No. 1SL371

Recent mobile test methods could not evaluate the quality of data reduced speech signals with different coded and decoded signals. The Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) provides the solution for this measuring problem. GSM PESQ is an add-on tool for CMUgo for automatic measurement of the PESQ for GSM mobile phones according to recommendation ITU-T P.862.1 featuring selectable fading profiles, frequency hopping sequences and variable Additional White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).

05-Jan-2012 | AN-No. 1MA119

With a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope

25-Sep-2019

Analysis, 5G FR1 MIMO signals, R&S®NRQ6, R&S®VSE Measurement of the phase difference between the MIMO layers is a challenging task in the design of 5G base stations. However, this measurement and its analysis can be easily accomplished using the R&S®NRQ6 frequency selective power sensor and R&S®VSE signal explorer software. Analysis of 5G FR1 MIMO signals with R&S®NRQ6 and R&S®VSE Analysis, 5G FR1

14-Jan-2022

O-RAN radio units (O-RU) contribute significantly to the high power consumption of 5G networks. Making O-RUs energy efficient without sacrificing O-RAN innovations is a top priority.

19-Mar-2024

Introduction to the fundamentals of programming the R&S Smart Instruments Family 300 in different developement environments.

25-Jun-2007 | AN-No. 1MA73