The antenna patterns of automotive radars provide a wealth of information that is of vital importance during radar development and validation.

28-Oct-2020

This application note explains the measurements on 3GPP Base Station Transmitter signals according to TS 25.141, using the Signal Analyzer FSIQ with the Code Domain Power application firmware FSIQ-K72.

17-Aug-2001 | AN-No. 1EF44

This application note is one of three papers dealing with the WiMAX standard, covering the theoretical aspects of WiMAX. It gives a detailed overview of the basic concepts of WiMAX (FFT, OFDM, frame structures, etc) and explains the physical standard parts of IEEE 802.16 standards 802.16-2004, corr1 and 802.16e.Please see also 1MA97 for Generating and analyzing 802.16-2004 and 802.16e-2005 signals and 1EF57 for an introduction to the WiMAX standard.

13-Jun-2006 | AN-No. 1MA96

The Electromagnetic Disturbance (EMD) emitted by Proximity-Integrated-Circuit-Cards (PICC) is a unwanted form of load modulation. This Application Note describes a method for measuring EMD during data transmission using vector signal analysis

19-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 1MA120

The scope of this application note is to give a comprehensive guide on how the R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer with the option R&S®FSW-K18 may be used to create a Hammerstein model for the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator’s output stage. This model can then be applied to counteract inherent non-linearities and memory effects and improve the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) at high output powers of the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator.

28-Aug-2023 | AN-No. 1GP139

Wide range of set-top box tests in line with current DVB-xx standards using a variable, future-ready test system

13-Jul-2012

Simple, repeatable setup. Accurate, repeatable results.

25-Feb-2020

R&S®RTP, R&S®RTO, R&S®RTE, oscilloscopes, acquired waveform data, python How to work with acquired waveform data in Python using the R&S®RTP, R&S®RTO or R&S®RTE. Working with acquired waveform data in Python R&S®RTP, R&S®RTO, R&S®RTE, oscilloscopes, acquired waveform data, python How to work with acquired waveform data in Python using the R&S®RTP, R&S®RTO or R&S®RTE. Working with acquired waveform

12-Jan-2022

In this day and age of internet of things, more and more devices are connected to the local network, making it even more difficult for the IT department to monitor them. Rohde & Schwarz instruments are also increasingly accessed via their LAN interface, which provides additional convenience features such as remote desktop, SMB file transfer or a web interface. To make it easier to monitor the use and status of instruments, some devices offer a software option, the Health and Utilization Monitoring Service (HUMS).HUMS can be accessed via SNMP and REST (HTTP) and provides all necessary information about the health status and utilization over time in many details.This application note describes how to access HUMS and what data is provided.

11-Jan-2021 | AN-No. GFM336

All electronic devices have capacitive or inductive parts that that generate inrush current when switched on. This is more than just a part of operations – it is a vital aspect and demands keen oversight. The R&S®NPA power analyzers are the right instrument for the job.

28-Mar-2024

This application note describes how to measure the control loop stability of switch-mode power supplies to get the best performance and confidence of the design. It will explain the main measurement concept and will guide the user during the measurements and mention the main topics in a practical manner. Wherever possible, a hint is given where the user should pay attention to it to avoid weak measurements. The Rohde and Schwarz buck converter reference board was designed in collaboration with Texas Instruments and is used to illustrate the closed loop measurement in a practical manner.

01-Jul-2019 | AN-No. GFM321

The R&S®ELEKTRA EMC test software is a solution that controls complete EMC systems and automates measurements on equipment under test that is being tested for emissions and immunity compliance. It can be used to remotely control R&S®AdVISE, which is a visual inspection software to monitor up to 32 different Regions of Interest in one video for visible and audible changeThis Application Note describes how to set up R&S®ELEKTRA and R&S®AdVISE for remote testing.

23-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1S005

All types of information transmission, including the 'one-way' transmission used in broadcasting, involve feeding a radio frequency (RF) signal to an antenna. This is the essence of the most basic type of transmitter used to emit electromagnetic waves. In the real world, however, a transmitter used for broadcast applications, for example, is much more complex in terms of its functions and design. The different transmitter components must be carefully coordinated. There are many quality parameters that are critical in ensuring that a proper output signal is delivered. Rohde & Schwarz designed the R&S® ETL TV analyzer especially for broadcasting applications. The analyzer allows the measurement of the quality parameters that are relevant in analog and digital broadcasting. This Application Note describes the typical quality measurements performed during compliance testing of TV transmitters. The approach discussed here is based on the example of Rohde & Schwarz terrestrial transmitters for analog TV and DVB-T/H.

19-Sep-2007 | AN-No. 7BM67

This application note explains how to detect, characterize, find and document interferers in cellular networks using the R&S®FSH spectrum analyzer.First it explains how to use the spectrum and interference analysis functions during each step of interference hunting. It also illustrates the explanations with a common interferer example. Then it points out the most common interference sources in cellular networks and gives tips on how to identify them.

21-Oct-2014 | AN-No. 1EF89

Sequencer Software Tool

20-Feb-2015

Signaling checks, DSMCC object carousel analysis and fault localization all in one instrument: R&S®DVMS, R&S®DVM or R&S®ETL

28-Dec-2012

Transformers are passive devices that are primarily used to convert or "transform" alternating current (AC) from one voltage level to another. One very common application of transformers is in AC to DC power supplies, in which mains voltage is stepped down before being rectified and filtered to produce DC. There are numerous other applications for transformers, such as providing electrical isolation or for impedance matching.This educational note provides a brief technical introduction to measurements made on the types of transformers used in electronics. These transformers are typically physically small, work on relatively low voltages or powers, and are used for “indoor” applications. Although many of the testing concepts described below also apply to the larger, higher-power "outdoor" transformers used for electrical power distribution, the specific tests and test procedures for these types of transformers are often specified by standards bodies such as the IEEE and may differ substantially from the types of measurements described here.Read this educational note and dive into the discussion about the six most important transformer measurements: turns ratio, mutual inductance, phase angle, primary and secondary inductance, leakage inductance, and interwinding capacitance.

28-Feb-2024

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.1 has introduced Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Angle of Departure (AoD) to enrich the direction finding (DF) feature. This application note gives the guidance of how to perform the BLE 5.1 DF RF tests according to the RF test specification of BT 5.1 by using the Rohde & Schwarz test solutions.

30-Oct-2019 | AN-No. GFM327

In civil aviation, instrument landing system (ILS) transmitters use antenna arrays to provide guidance to approaching aircraft. ILS performance strongly depends on the precise alignment of the magnitude and phase of each element in an antenna array. The R&S®ZNH handheld vector network analyzer with a built-in source allows fast, convenient on-site measurements on the ILS antenna system.

09-Aug-2021

Describtion and explanation of the MPEG and DVB-Standards and TV T&M

10-Dec-2011 | AN-No. 7BM_ADD01

Embedded power supplies combine traditional power supply components with multiple sensors, processing and control logic as well as digital communications interfaces. Test equipment for debugging requires isolated input channels for measurements of hazardous voltages. Additional digital channels support the analysis of digital signals, while trigger and decode capabilities are essential for time-correlated monitoring of serial protocol-based communications interfaces.

26-Apr-2016

The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer provides the high dynamic range needed to accurately measure the ON/OFF power of your transmitter in accordance with 3GPP TS 36.141.

17-Jan-2017

Oscilloscopes are increasingly used to analyze pulsed signals such as radar signals for aerospace and defence as well as automotive applications. The oscilloscopes’ wide analysis bandwidth and manifold trigger capabilities, make them a good fit for the increasing demand for higher bandwidths and accurate signal detection in these applications. R&S®VSE vector signal explorer software is a powerful tool for comprehensive analysis of a variety of signals, providing full support to the Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope advanced trigger system. Adjusting the trigger settings enables pulses and pulse sequences to be isolated and run full pulse analysis using the R&S®VSE vector signal explorer software.

03-Feb-2021

The vector signal generators and GNSS simulators R&S®SMW200A and R&S®SMBV100B are remote-controllable in realtime and can therefore be implemented into a dynamic HIL environment. The HIL simulator can dictate position coordinates, kinetic parameters, and vehicle attitude information based upon which the R&S® GNSS simulator updates the simulated receiver movement in realtime. This application note presents background information and details about operating a R&S® GNSS simulator in HIL applications.

14-Apr-2020 | AN-No. 1GP102

In addition to frequency, power and long-term stability, short-term stability or its equivalent, phase noise, is an important characteristic of signal sources. For example, the phase noise of conversion oscillators of receivers obtained in the presence of a strong signal determines adjacent-channel sensitivity. In the case of transmitters, the phase noise of the oscillator together with the modulator characteristics is responsible for the power generated in adjacent channels. The phase noise of oscillators or synthesizers and the relevant measurements therefore play an important role in radio transmission systems.

16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF16

This application note shows how to perform user equipment (UE) receiver tests, such as block error rate (BLER) and throughput tests, under fading conditions with the R&S®CMW500 RF tester and the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator in LTE(-A), W-CDMA (HSPA+), TD-SCDMA, GSM (GRPS and EGPRS(2)), CDMA2000 and 1xEV-DO.

03-Nov-2015 | AN-No. 1MA194

The R&S®EDST300 efficiently and precisely analyzes TACAN and DME ground stations, making it ideal for commissioning and regular maintenance.

16-Feb-2017

Analyzing RF pulses is a key aspect of pulsed radar applications, e.g. in air traffic control (ATC), maritime radar or scientific measurements of the ionosphere. It is essential to analyze the pulse envelope in the time domain because it contains important information needed to characterize the application. The R&S®RTO digital oscilloscope is a very useful measurement instrument for analyzing pulse characteristics.

09-Nov-2017

Spectrum and network analyzers equipped with network interface cards can be integrated in Local Area Networks (LAN). This Application Note describes how to remote control these instruments over a LAN and use VXIpnp instrument drivers over a LAN.

25-Jun-2003 | AN-No. 1EF47

This Application Note describes how to test and perform measurements on mobile phones in compliance with the GSM standard using the R&S®CMU200 by means of the remote-control program CMUgo or manual operation.

24-May-2005 | AN-No. 1CM57