This application note reviews the measurement uncertainty analysis and traceability for phase noise with the new R&S®FSWP Phase Noise Analyzer.It describes the new approach for measuring phase noise with the R&S®FSWP using direct downconversion with cross correlation and focuses on traceability using a derived primary measurement standard.

05-Jul-2016 | AN-No. 1EF95

MIPI D-PHY is a low-power, cost-effective physical layer interface, essential in mobile devices and advanced technology systems. It's a high-speed, source-synchronous interface used in smartphone cameras, smartwatch displays, drones, in-car entertainment, automobile cameras, and radar sensors. This application note explores MIPI D-PHY's features, functionality, and testing practices for device compliance, addressing common issues. It highlights Rohde & Schwarz's equipment for ensuring compatibility and solving issues with MIPI D-PHY, aligned with MIPI D-PHY specification version 2.5.Developed by the MIPI Alliance, D-PHY connects cameras and displays to a host processor via CSI-2 or DSI protocols. It features a master-slave, asymmetrical design for reduced link complexity. Key aspects include a unidirectional clock, optional data signal directions, different data rates for half-duplex operation, point-to-point communication, and high-speed (HS) and low-power (LP) modes for data transfer and battery preservation. In HS mode, D-PHY uses differential signaling with specific impedance, while in LP mode, it operates in a single-ended manner with high impedance termination.The application note from Rohde & Schwarz provides insights into characterizing and debugging MIPI D-PHY, offering conformance verification with MIPI Alliance standards and protocol decoding options.

31-Jan-2024 | AN-No. 1SL410

The battery cycle tool has several charts that display collected data and can be used to characterize battery samples and create battery models.

02-May-2023

Signal Generation and Analysis

This Application Note supplements the video series, describing signal generation and signal analysis for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) for LTE and 5G NR. The video series is located below this paragraph.In this illustration, a four frame (40 subframes) long LTE sequence will be created, and exemplary MBSFN slots inserted, carrying 5G payloads. That signal sequence will be compiled and played by the SMW signal generator. The FSW signal analyzer LTE and 5G NR personalities are then used to analyze and verify the content of each subframe/slot.Three methods are presented, (1) Manual Entry using the GUI, (2) SCPI command sequence/remote control and (3) configuration file. The latter variants require the download of various files, available at the bottom.The configuration file approach offers the fastest time to initially setup. The SCPI command sequences provides some insight of the functionality and settings at each step, and the supplied MATLAB® script (only core license required) provides a prototype to illustrate the programming of successive slots or subframes. The Manual Entry approach, using the instrument's front panel GUI, provides a step-by-step set-up instruction, which can itself be augmented with SCPI recording, for easy modification and programming.MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The Mathworks, Inc.

30-Mar-2020 | AN-No. GFM337

R&S®Server-Based Testing helps reduce test times for workloads that can be parallelized. 5G New Radio (5G NR) multicarrier signals are an ideal workload because each component carrier can be analyzed independently and in parallel. In an example EVM measurement, scenario test times are reduced significantly even when receiving I/Q data from just a single instrument.

13-Sep-2021

The audio performance measurement solution for the R&S®CMW500 platform identifies audio and speech performance issues over a wireless connection.

26-Aug-2017

Measuring cable characteristics is important when it comes to installing and servicing cable TV systems. Cable pinches or poor connections considerably influence the characteristics of cable TV systems. This document shows how the measurement is carried out in a 75 Ohm system. The basics of distance-to-fault measurements, the test setup, calibration and measurement are discussed.

21-Sep-2006 | AN-No. 7BM60

An FSE Spectrum Analyser equipped with the Vector Signal Analysis option (FSE-B7) can measure oscillator settling time or transmitter attack and release times with high accuracy up to 40 GHz. No additional measurement equipment is needed.

12-Feb-1999 | AN-No. 1MA15

Monitoring solutions for operators of security radio networks for police, rescue services, ambulances, fire brigades and radio and TV broadcasting transmitters and other regional and national services.

04-Sep-2006

Due to its outstanding performance the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator is ideal for testing MIMO receivers in a vast variety of applications offering maximum usability at minimum form factor. It can generate up to eight antenna signals simultaneously in its digital baseband – all standard-compliant and with antenna-specific coding. In addition, it can simulate the complete MIMO transmission channel with up to 32 fading channels, sufficient to emulate higher-order MIMO configurations such as 3x3, 4x4, and 8x4.This application note explains how to use the SMW for testing higher order MIMO systems by presenting different key applications.

24-Feb-2016 | AN-No. 1GP97

Application note 1MA25 has been replaced by application note .

28-Aug-2009 | AN-No. 1MA25

Vector network analyzers are used in high frequency applications to measure the complex scattering parameters of an unknown device-under-test (DUT). In general, the DUT characteristics can be evaluated by using electromagnetic waves. The correlation between the incident, reflected and transmitted wave quantities at the DUT is defined by its scattering matrix S.

28-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ30

The aim of channel sounding is to characterize a radio channel by decomposing the radio propagation path into its individual multipath components. This application note provided by Neul describes how channel sounding can be performed using the R&S SMBV100A Vector Signal Generator and the R&S FSL Spectrum Analyzer. To illustrate the procedure reference is made to 8 MHz wide white space channels in the UK.

13-Jul-2011 | AN-No. 1MA199

Automated test equipment (ATE) is a cornerstone in production facilities. Devices under test (DUT) have to be measured according to various limits to ensure safe and reliable operation for the user. A production facility must ensure that these tests are performed properly and cover all the necessary test cases. However, the tests must also be executed with sufficient speed. Oscilloscopes (e.g. the MXO series from Rohde & Schwarz) are often a typical part of ATE and can improve the workflow with a dedicated “waiting for trigger” signal.

30-May-2024

The measurement accuracy of vector network analyzers can be tested simply, easily and quickly, with a simple DUT which consists of a common tee-junction with one port, terminated with a resistive load Z, and the T-Check program. The four S-parameters from ports 1 and 2 are measured with the vector network analyzer to be checked and then evaluated by means of the T-Check software.

04-Aug-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ43

A programmable data generator such as the combination of SME with option SME-B11 is a novelty with signal generators. To make it easy for the user to get acquainted with the option and to ensure efficient operation, possible applications are described below. The data generator is used for producing binary data as well as control signals for level switching whenever digitally modulated signals are used. For a start we should like to deal in brief with the various settings available for digital modulation. Taking GSM as an example, the programming of data lists will be described next. The description for GSM can be easily applied to other digital networks as well. Next the generation of level bursts and the extension of data generator memory with option SME-B12 are described. The last section deals with special subjects such as FSK using data rates below 400 bits/s and pulse-amplitude modulation. A basic knowledge on digital modulation and TDMA will be sufficient to follow the topics.

01-Jul-1999 | AN-No. 1GPAN08

The battery life measurement solution for the R&S®CMW500 platform identifies which ECUs and which applications running on telematics units impact battery life.

23-Aug-2017

Focus RF Signal analysis

24-Jul-2024

The effective number of bits (ENOB) is a way of quantifying the quality of an analog to digital conversion. A higher ENOB means that voltage levels recorded in an analog to digital conversion are more accurate. In an oscilloscope the ENOB is not just determined by the quality of the analog to digital converter but by the instrument as a whole. This application note explains how to measure the oscilloscope ENOB and shows results for the R&S®RTO for different settings.

13-May-2011 | AN-No. 1ER03

The Application Note summarises all measurements for WLAN test, according to the IEEE Standards 802.11a, b and g. For each measurement, an instrument list, test setups, test method, comments, typical results and implementation hints are included. The enclosed free of charge software provides all IEEE 488 bus sequences ready to run or copy into your own test environment.

28-Jul-2004 | AN-No. 1MA69

DC power supplies from Rohde & Schwarz can be connected and configured for synchronized on/off switching of all channels across multiple power supplies in intricate and complex systems.

28-Apr-2023

This application note provides information about the ACLR measurement with noise correction. The basic requirements and the limiting factors of a spectrum analyzer are explained. Dynamic range improvements by means of a noise correction is presented. Measurement examples show the practical realisation ACLR measurements.

16-May-2002 | AN-No. 1EF49

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is an integral part of LTE. Vector signal generators and signal & spectrum analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz support LTE measurements with up to 4 antennas. This Application Note covers 2x2 MIMO in the LTE downlink. Remote control programming is demonstrated by examples for a free-of-charge program.

09-Oct-2014 | AN-No. 1MA143

This application note describes remote operation or monitoring of the signal and spectrum analyzers R&S® FSV3, R&S® FSV7, R&S® FSV13, R&S® FSV30 through a standard web browser. The common cross-platform technology Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is used as a server on the instrument.

15-Jan-2009 | AN-No. 1EF67

The application note describes the Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Program NRV-Z. The program is used to determine measurement uncertainties that inevitably arise when using power meters. In particular, it covers the NRV-Z family of thermal sensors and diode sensors for high-precision power measurements, as well as the compatible basic units NRVD, NRVS and URV55.

26-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 1GP43

This R&S®CMU200 1xEV-DO Release B non-signaling testing application provides the means to allow users to perform RF measurements on a 1xEV-DO Rel. B access terminal in a mode that does not require any signaling. This allows the calibration and final tests of a Rel. B AT, according to the minimum performance standards with the R&S®CMU200.

29-Jun-2009 | AN-No. 1CM74

Broadband amplifiers are necessary for generating the field strengths required for most EMC radiated immunity tests. This Educational Note provides a brief overview of the role of amplifiers in EMC testing as well as a discussion of the parameters and characteristics which have the greatest influence on amplifier performance.Register now to download the Educational Note.

01-Aug-2022

The R&S®Pulse Sequencer software offers an interface to import lists of pulse descriptor words (PDW). Users can define their specific PDW format in the software before importing the PDW list. The R&S®Pulse Sequencer software automatically uploads the interpreted PDW lists on the R&S®SMW200A to generate the most agile radar signals.

20-Feb-2018

An FSE (or FSIQ) Spectrum Analyser equipped with the Vector Analysis option (FSE-B7) can measure a wide range of error types (EVM, Magnitude Error, Phase Error…) on continous signal. This Application Note describes how to measure these errors on a single burst between symbols.

22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 1ES48

Software tools allow to make the control of T&M instruments more convenient. The adoption of the following tools for Windows®-based T&M instruments is described: ● Synergy:One mouse and one keyboard control a group of T&M instruments ● CamStudio:Video clips of the display of a T&M instrumentare recorded during operation

13-Jun-2013 | AN-No. 1MA218