This document describes typical measurements that are required to be made on amplifiers and how the measurement can be implemented on the ZVB Vector Network Analyzer. The document describes the concepts and setups required to perform Gain, Isolation, input impedance measurements, then goes on to describe how more uncommon measurements are made with the ZVB like Harmonics, Stability Factor and compression point.

07-Feb-2007 | AN-No. 1EZ54

This application note describes Battery Life Measurements with the R&S®RT-ZVC02/04 Multi-Channel Probe. The measurements are described with the use of an oscilloscope. The R&S®RT-ZVC Multi-Channel Probe can be used with R&S®RTE1000, R&S®RTO2000 or R&S®RTP.

17-Jan-2019 | AN-No. 1TD07

Rohde & Schwarz signal generators can generate standard-compliant WLAN IEEE 802.11ac signals up to 160 MHz bandwidth with excellent EVM performance. This application note demonstrates the generator test solutions and explains step-by-step how to configure a test signal. Several measurements are presented to illustrate EVM performance.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP94

The advanced generation capabilities of the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator simplify receiver testing up to 20 GHz by removing the need for multiple signal generators. This single-box solution brings the real world into your lab.

05-Aug-2014

This application note explains how to perform LTE base station measurements over the air (OTA) using the R&S®FSH4/8/13/20 handheld spectrum analyzer. It describes the required measurement setup and explains the results obtained with the different measurement modes.

12-Sep-2013 | AN-No. 1EF87

The measurement of bit error rate (BER) is an important test procedure for determining the performance of a receiving terminal. This is especially important for set top box and chipset manufacturers who need to know if their product is able to meet the specification under a predefined noise condition. This Application Note describes the technique using an Rohde & Schwarz SFU to measure the BER of digital set top boxes.

19-Dec-2006 | AN-No. 7BM51

Signal generators are often used in automated test environment applications. The replacement of those instruments, e.g., due to malfunction or standard replacement procedures requires special care to be taken in consideration. Replacement of those instruments requires compabitiblity between the replacement and the replaced device in at least the electrical and remote-control features. This application note describes in detail how to use the emulation modes of the R&S® series SMA100A, SMB100A, SMF100A signal generators.

24-Jun-2008 | AN-No. 1GP71

Power converters with a full-bridge topology are frequently used in telecommunications and servers that need to be compact, efficient and cost sensitive, making them more complex. Switching patterns for all the main primary switches including synchronous rectifier switches need to be validated after the first protype is built. This complex validation requires proper measurement of switching patterns to prevent catastrophic switching patterns. Expertise and the right measurement tools are essential when identifying unexpected events in the converter switching process.

17-Jan-2024

The option R&S®EMC32-K84 extends the internal report generator to support the generation of a summary test report over all selected test cases done for a DUT. Additional the report is directly written to Microsoft®Word and thus can be easily combined with customer specific report templates.This Application Note shows all necessary steps on an example report to configure and execute the report generation.

23-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1SP09

Most of today's electronic devices draw non‑sinusoidal current. This gives rise to harmonic currents injected back into the public supply system. These need to be checked on all devices with the CE marking.

12-Oct-2018

The R&S®SMW-K546 software option aids the optimum design of multiple path amplifiers, including Doherty Amplifiers.This application note provides guidance on the use of the software option, both for direct control and programming via the touchscreen, and for remote control using SCPI.The software and associated techniques may similarly be used to develop other quasi-linear, multi-path amplifiers; including Balanced, Anti-Phase (so-called Push-Pull), Distributed, Spatially Combined, Load Modulated Balanced and many more.

13-Jul-2020 | AN-No. GFM345

GTSL (Generic Test Software Library ) is part of the production test systems R&S TS7100/ TS7180, simplifies very much test programming with the CMU200 and can be used together with the ”Test Executive” TestStand ® from National Instruments. This application note shows how GTSL can be implemented outside a TestStand ® environment and describes the accompanying source code of a demo ”Test Executive” developed in Microsoft ® Visual C++.

02-Jul-2002 | AN-No. 1SC01

Radar equipment is always designed to work at the technologically feasible limits. Therefore the true performance of radar equipment can only be measured with the most accurate and reliable pulsed test signals. The R&S®SMA100B analog RF and microwave signal generator with its high-quality pulse modulator provides narrow pulse modulation. Thanks to a powerful closed-loop level control concept also for narrow pulses, outstanding level accuracy and repeatability is now available for pulse widths starting at 100 ns.

30-May-2017

Keeping an ATSC (or ATSC Mobile DTV) single-frequency network (SFN) running smoothly not only requires that every single TV transmitter functions properly – the RF performance criteria echo pattern and frequency deviation also have to be strictly complied with. The R&S®ETL TV analyzer enables operators to check these crucial RF parameters at a glance with unmatched precision. The patented implementation achieves an echo delay resolution of one nanosecond, which is nearly a hundred times higher than in conventional approaches. This allows more precise control and adjustments of the several transmitters within the ATSC (or ATSC Mobile DTV) SFN and thus helps to ensure excellent coverage for the receivers.

21-Apr-2010 | AN-No. 7BM75

Multiple antenna systems, known as MIMO systems, form an essential part of today’s wireless communications standards. The multi-antenna technology efficiently boosts the data throughput without requiring additional bandwidth or transmit power and has thus become a key technology. Rohde & Schwarz offers compact and versatile MIMO test solutions with realtime fading including simulation of channel correlations.This application note explains how to set up Rohde & Schwarz signal generators for 2x2, 4x2 and 2x4 MIMO tests with a focus on signal routing, synchronization of the generators, and leveling. Please note that there is a successor application note available: 1GP97. It explains how to use the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator for testing higher order MIMO systems such as 3x3 and 4x4.

14-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 1GP51

CERTIUM VCS is a purely IP based communications infrastructure that can be used to address shelter scenario challenges.

14-Jun-2023

The required bandwidth span for power amplifiers is growing, driven by the latest 5G and satellite enhancements.Ideally, amplifiers support multiple bands. This makes wideband testing more essential than ever before.

19-May-2020

Road safety is a global challenge at present and will be in the future. Automotive radar has become a keyword in this area and pushes again a step forward to increase driving comfort, crash prevention and even automated driving.Driver assistance systems which are supported by radar are already common. Most assistant systems are increasing the drivers comfort by collision warning systems, blind-spot monitoring, adaptive cruise control, lane-change assistance, rear cross-traffic alerts and back-up parking assistance.Today's 24 GHz, 77 GHz and 79 GHz radar sensors clearly need the capability to distinguish between different objects and offer high range resolution. That is possible with increased signal bandwidth.Furthermore, those radar systems need to cope with interference of many kinds like the one from other car's radar.This Application Note addresses signal measurements and analysis of automotive radars that are crucial during the development and verification stages. It also shows a setup to verify the functionality of a radar in case of radio interference.

10-Jun-2016 | AN-No. 1MA267

conducted conformance testing according to TS 38.141-1, Rel. 16

3GPP defines the Radio Frequency (RF) conformance test methods and requirements for 5G NR Base Stations (BS) in the technical specifications TS 38.141. This application note describes how all mandatory RF performance tests (TS 38.141-1, chapter 8), according to Release 16, can be performed quickly and conveniently with signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz by either choosing manual operation or a remote control approach.In Addition, a new Python software library comes with this application note to enable the remote control approach of base station testing. This example requires the RsInstrument module which can be found on pypi.org or installed via 'pip' and is provided as is.

24-Oct-2019 | AN-No. GFM315

The converters offered for the R&S®ZVA family extend the network analyzers' frequency range up to 325 GHz. This Application Note describes typical measurements on millimeter-wave mixers and millimeter-wave frontends. It also discusses a signal identification method that enables spurious measurements to be performed in the millimeter-wave range using an R&S®ZVA network analyzer in conjunction with a converter.

17-Nov-2008 | AN-No. 1EZ57

The option ZVR-B7 allows an enhanced power calibration of the source and of the receiver channels of a ZVR, then being active instead of the standard factory power calibration. Using an external power meter, the power level of input or output wave quantities will be adjusted to a desired value at an arbitrary reference plane.

29-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ41

The R&S®SMBV100A is both, a versatile general-purpose vector signal generator and a powerful GNSS signal simulator. It can simulate up to 24 satellites in realtime for testing GNSS receivers flexibly, reliably, and cost-efficiently. The R&S®SMBV100A supports receiver testing under realistic conditions by offering features such as obscuration simulation and automatic multipath generation. Out of a multitude of possible test scenarios – with predefined or user-specific settings – this application note presents some examples to give an impression of the instrument’s capabilities.

19-Apr-2018 | AN-No. 1GP101

The hardware-in-the-loop options for the R&S®SMBV100B and the R&S®SMW200A GNSS simulators enable realistic, cost-efficient and flexible testing in a user-controlled environment.

03-Jun-2019

High throughput is the key production metric for efficient operation. Improving test speed helps reduce the cost per device. The R&S®PVT360A performance vector tester is optimized for high speed production tests.

12-Apr-2023

This application note explains the concept of Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement on 3GPP W-CDMA signals with the spectrum analyzer FSP. Optimum operation for both the integrated bandwidth method and the new time domain method are shown via explanation of the signal behavior and the internal structure of the FSP. With the time domain method the spectrum analyzer family FSP provides a new approach featuring a very short measurement time compared to the integrated bandwidth method.

12-Jan-2001 | AN-No. 1EF41

Its dual-path concept plus its ability to duplicate baseband signals make the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator ideal for efficient GSM/EDGE AMsuppression conformance testing.

28-Feb-2017

The R&S®MobileView app lets users operate Rohde & Schwarz instruments remotely and eliminates the need for physical interactions with the instruments.

04-Sep-2024

This application note demonstrates the use of the Measurement Receiver to calibrate the signal output level of a Signal Generator.Calibration in this application is a two-step process.► The absolute output level of the signal source, at a fixed level, is measured using a thermal power sensor (e.g. NRP50T), which in turn outputs its reading to the FSMR.► Output power calibration over a wider dynamic range (to lower power) is performed by connecting the FSMR to the signal source directly, and sweeping the power of the signal source.The FSMR offers a nominal total measurement uncertainty of <0.015 dB +/- 0.005 dB per 10dB step. At 1GHz, the power measurement range covers -152 dBm to +30 dBm. It is this intrinsic linearity, that the accuracy of the calibration relies upon.Absolute power measurement uncertainty, for the NRP50T thermal power sensor used in this Application Note, is 0.040 dB to 0.143 dB.This process may be repeated at multiple frequencies. Calibration values are automatically stored and managed by the FSMR. Measurement frequencies for calibrations are stored, will be automatically recalled by the FSMR, by re-selection of those frequencies.

31-Dec-2021 | AN-No. 1SL377

This application note illustrates the operation of the OFDM measurement software R&S FSQ-K96. It describes applications, setup, features, settings and results. Further it concentrates on generating the configuration file for R&S FSQ-K96, the appropriate IQ data files for Signal Analyzer R&S FSQ and waveform files for R&S Signal Generators. With this description the user obtains a complete R&S test solution for signal generation and analysis of generic OFDM signals.

17-Oct-2008 | AN-No. 1EF65

Audio analyzers and test software from Rohde & Schwarz enable Dolby® licensees to subject their new products to the required compliance tests.

25-Jul-2014