Two test setups which demonstrate the Bit Error Rate (BER) test function of either an SMIQ (with option B21) or an AMIQ (with option B1) are described. The tester generates the FSK modulated RF or IF signal as well as carries out the BER test. The analog Marker FM Demodulator from an FSP/FSU spectrum analyzer is used as an online FSK demodulator.

06-May-2002 | AN-No. 1MA57

This application card examines the best practices for testing video service quality over mobile networks and discusses the different types of video services and recent changes in video streaming.

18-Apr-2024

Phase difference is the key parameter when characterizing direction finding (DF) scenarios. To analyze DF equipment, the phase difference needs to be determined before measuring other parameters such as the bearing. The R&S®VSE-K6A multichannel pulse analysis software in combination with a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope provides phase difference measurements even in challenging environments, utilizing the test equipment’s advanced trigger capabilities.

02-Mar-2021

TETRA, the TErrestrial Trunked RAdio, is the professional mobile radio standard (PMR) used world wide by governmental safety and security authorities and organizations, as well as by private utilities from energy suppliers through to transport. Rohde & Schwarz provide test instruments idealy suited for both the development and production of TETRA base stations and user equipment, as well as for network planning, network coverage and quality of service, network monitoring and optimization, maintenance, and service. This Application Note shows examples for measurements with R&S instruments covering the entire range of TETRA test requirements.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA189

The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is one of the parameters in RF systems that measures the impedance mismatch. Under ideal conditions, when the load is perfectly matched to the source, the VSWR will be 1. A mismatch in the system causes reflections that will increase the VSWR and lead to losses in transmission. Although most RF components are typically designed and specified with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω , applications and system components for cable television are designed and specified with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ω . This application note describes the measurement procedure for VSWR measurements in 75 Ω systems using the R&S®FSH3-TV handheld TV analyzer.

01-Mar-2008 | AN-No. 7BM72

Rohde & Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers equipped with the R&S®FSx-K30 option form the basis of a solution to accurately measure the noise figure in the millimeterwave frequency range using the Y-factor method.

17-Jul-2017

The R&S®RTB2000 digital oscilloscope lets you share your scope’s display with any computer/projector via LAN or Internet. The oscilloscope comes with an RJ-45 Ethernet jack and a built-in web server (as standard). The screen is displayed via a direct connection to a PC, via LAN or over the Internet.

21-Mar-2017

The R&S® ZVA-Z110 converters offered for the R&S® ZVA family enable network analysis in the W band (75 GHz to 110 GHz). In this Application Note, measurements with three or four converters will be discussed. Test configurations for such measurements have so far been implemented only with coaxial connector systems for a frequency range up to approx. 40 GHz. The term 'multiport measurements' was created for this type of measurements.

09-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 1EZ56

An operator of a network of terrestrial transmitter stations wants to have the most cost-effective means of monitoring the network's numerous transmitter sites from a main monitoring center. Modern error sensors such as the R&S DVM50/100 and the R&S ETX-T are used for diverse monitoring functions at the individual transmitter sites as well as to transmit monitoring status to the main monitoring center. These error sensors have a function-rich SNMP agent designed specifically for this purpose. Simple network management protocol (SNMP). Despite the 'simple' in the protocol name, some users are still afraid to use it for remote control and monitoring. This Application Note therefore provides a user-friendly and practical look at, for example, how the monitoring functions via SNMP can be used for the R&S DVM. The following sections provide a brief look at the SNMP protocol, the R&S DVM/ETX implementation, and useful tools for working with SNMP. A description of how SNMP can be linked to various development environments (C++, C#, Java) is also provided.

16-Mar-2007 | AN-No. 7BM65

MobiDemo is an application software for controlling a combination of Generator SMIQ and Analyzer FSE/ FSE-B7 or FSIQ. MobiDemo offers a convenient user interface to facilitate testing of components used in digital mobile radio systems, for instance amplifiers or filters. The software can handle the GSM, PHS, IRIDIUM, IS-95 and W-CDMA standards. The corresponding test signals can be activated on SMIQ with a few keystrokes and mouse clicks. FSE/FSIQ is set up in accordance with SMIQ and analyzes signals in the modulation analysis or adjacent-channel power measurement mode. The settings for SMIQ and FSE/FSIQ are transferred via the IEC/IEEE bus.

09-Jul-1999 | AN-No. 1MA11

End-to-end conformance testing of 4G and 5G next generation eCall (NG eCall) modules under controlled network conditions

13-May-2024

LoRa is one of the most popular low-power wireless sensor network technologies for implementation of the internet of things (IoT), offering long-range communications compared to technologies such as Zigbee. Its name is derived from "long range" and it operates in license-free ISM bands. LoRa is a physical proprietary radio communications technique that is based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology.

12-Dec-2024

This application note describes how to convert GPS routes from NMEA 0183 file format to waypoint files that can be used by the R&S®SMU200A Vector Signal Generator.

26-Sep-2008 | AN-No. 1MA133

Voice over IP for air traffic control

21-Nov-2014

Before devices can be used in a LoRaWANTM network, they must among other things meet country-specific wireless communications regulations. This application note shows developers and manufacturers of devices with LoRa wireless technology how transmitter measurements are conducted in line with FCC Part 15.247. It also describes how important receiver characteristics can be verified by metrological means. In this context, battery life in particular plays a key role in IoT applications. A further chapter describes how current consumption of LoRa wireless modules can be measured reliably.

29-Nov-2017 | AN-No. 1MA295

This application note describes ATSC Mobile DTV standard A/153, ATSC-M/H. This standard is completely implemented in the R&S®AEM100 ATSC-M/H Emission Multiplexer.

22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 7EB01

EN-DC Mode According to 3GPP 38.521-3

5G New Radio (NR) is a radio access technology (RAT) specified by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in release 15 technical standard which was first published in 2018. It is designed to enhance the spectrum efficiency to meet the diverse needs of wireless communication applications, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).Two deployment modes are defined for 5G NR technology► non-standalone (NSA) mode involving both E-UTRA (access technology used for LTE) and 5G NR RAT► standalone (SA) mode allows the user equipment (UE) to access 5G core network (5GC) over LTE or 5G NR RATAll 5G NR air interface related core specifications as well as associated test specifications are included in the 3GPP 38 series specifications. In an UE product lifecycle, UE vendor is obliged to go through the device certification process by passing all the required conformance tests which include RF, protocol, performance tests before official launch of the product. RF conformance testing is of course essential for the market access. The conformity of 3GPP specification has to be ensured even in the early product R&D phase.This application note aims to guide the R&D reader through the 5G NR Frequency Range 1 (FR1) NSA RF UE conformance test according to 3GPP38.521-3 based on mobile radio tester R&S®CMX and associated web user interface R&S®CMsquares in interactive operation mode, i.e. manual operation mode, through test configuration examples. After reading this application note, the reader should be able to conduct 3GPP RF conformance tests with proper settings manually and understand measurement results in R&S®CMsquares.

25-Jun-2021 | AN-No. 1SL368

Most of the tests specified in standard TS 34.121 [1] for 3GPP Rel-6 can be performed with R&S®CMU200. This document provides a step by step guide on how to perform Rel-6 measurements on transmitter characteristics and performance tests according to TS 34.121 V8.7.0 clauses 5 and 10 with stand-alone R&S®CMU200. Test cases that require additional instruments, e.g. fading generator (R&S®SMU200A or R&S®AMU200A) will be discussed in brief in this application note with recommended reference. A set of *.sav files based on R&S®CMU200 firmware V5.03 for UE supporting operating band I and power class 3 in RMC 12.2 kbps + HSPA is attached to this application note.

07-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 1CM73

1EF86 LTE, MIMO, LTE-MIMO, RTO1044, SMU200A, K102, K103, K102PC, K103PC Testing LTE MIMO Signals using a R&S RTO Oscilloscope Testing LTE MIMO Signals using a R&S®RTO Oscilloscope 1EF86 LTE, MIMO, LTE-MIMO, RTO1044, SMU200A, K102, K103, K102PC, K103PC Testing LTE MIMO Signals using a R&S RTO Oscilloscope

24-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1EF86

The R&S®NRP-Z power sensors from Rohde & Schwarz represent the latest in power measurement technology. They offer all the functionality of conventional power meters, and more, within the small housing of a power sensor. This application note serves as a coding guide for situations in which the R&S®NRP-Z power sensors are to be used in custom test and measurement software.

06-Mar-2012 | AN-No. 1GP69

The R&S®VTC/VTE video testers analyze and evaluate the quality of set-top boxes and TVs on the DUT’s A/V interfaces from a user perspective. They provide the necessary quality tests from Go/NoGo tests to long-term stability tests. The RF input signals required for the DUT are generated by the R&S®VTC/VTE.

04-Feb-2014

This application note shows how to operate the Automation Manager tool in the R&S® CRTU-W to perform an automated FTP operation during a test scenario.

22-Nov-2007 | AN-No. 1CM68

Spectrum Rider, FPH, FSH, ZPH, Cable Rider, ZVH, 5G, Interference hunting, Zero span mode, G NR TDD signal Handheld solutions from Rohde & Schwarz support a gated trigger, enabling users to separate uplink and downlink signals in the time domain. 5G NR – interference hunting in the uplink of TDD networks Spectrum Rider, FPH, FSH, ZPH, Cable Rider, ZVH, 5G, Interference hunting, Zero span mode, G NR

09-Apr-2019

VSC4G, VCS-G4, VSC R&S VCS-4G for simulator and training systems. CERTIUM VCS for simulator and training systems VSC4G, VCS-G4, VSC R&S VCS-4G for simulator and training systems. CERTIUM VCS for simulator and training systems VSC4G, VCS-G4, VSC R&S VCS-4G for simulator and training systems.

18-Jun-2013

Sequencer Software Tool

14-Mar-2016

This document describes typical measurements that are required to be made on amplifiers and how the measurement can be implemented on the ZVB Vector Network Analyzer. The document describes the concepts and setups required to perform Gain, Isolation, input impedance measurements, then goes on to describe how more uncommon measurements are made with the ZVB like Harmonics, Stability Factor and compression point.

07-Feb-2007 | AN-No. 1EZ54

Rohde & Schwarz signal generators can generate standard-compliant WLAN IEEE 802.11ac signals up to 160 MHz bandwidth with excellent EVM performance. This application note demonstrates the generator test solutions and explains step-by-step how to configure a test signal. Several measurements are presented to illustrate EVM performance.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP94

This application note describes measurements compliant with the cdma2000 standard described in TIA/EIA-97-C and TIA/EIA-98-C. The primary focus is on solutions for generating and analyzing cdma2000 signals with equipment from Rohde & Schwarz. The special characteristics that make the signal generators and signal analyzers eminently suitable for this purpose are detailed.

27-Mar-2001 | AN-No. 1MA34

The measurement of bit error rate (BER) is an important test procedure for determining the performance of a receiving terminal. This is especially important for set top box and chipset manufacturers who need to know if their product is able to meet the specification under a predefined noise condition. This Application Note describes the technique using an Rohde & Schwarz SFU to measure the BER of digital set top boxes.

19-Dec-2006 | AN-No. 7BM51

In addition to the generic edge trigger, modern oscilloscopes offer triggers that are specialized to address specific problems.

04-Jan-2016