In frequent cases, it appears that the MPEG2 decoder is not located in the control/monitoring room. The present application note describes how to operate a remote control of up to four DVMDs over an ethernet link.

31-Mar-1999 | AN-No. 7BM01

Fading is known from shortwave transmission, where the received field strength level may strongly vary due to atmospheric disturbances. In analog TV, the term 'fading' is practically unknown. Rather, one talks of 'antenna shadows' or 'ghost images'. The effect in question, however, is fading, ie constant reflection of the eletromagnetic waves emitted by the TV transmitter by walls of buildings, mountain slopes and similar reflecting natural or artificial obstacles. In analog TV, fading is of minor importance since the effects thereof can be eliminated almost completely through the directivity and exact orientation of the Yagi roof antenna for stationary TV reception at home. [[ br />Fading effects can also be observed in analog cable TV, for example in a block of flats linked to the cable network with one or several antenna sockets in every flat. If the taps for the sockets are not match-terminated, reflections with constant level and constant phase arise which may cause level reductions of several dB at exactly calculable points in the cable. [[ br />Moreover, the reception of TV signals broadcast via satellite can be impaired by fading. A known phenomenon is flickering of the received picture, produced by planes flying past or a drop in receive field strength caused by an approaching thunderstorm. All the above receive conditions have one thing in common: reception is stationary with a direct line of sight to the TV transmitter. [[ br />Looking at receive conditions in DVB, the effects in cable and satellite reception (DVB-C and DVB-S) are found to be similar as in analog reception. In these two modes reception is stationary, too. Terrestrial transmission (DVB-T) not only provides for stationary operation but also for portable and mobile reception. This considerably accentuates the effects of fading. [[ br />In this application note we investigate fading effects in DVB, with the emphasis on those in DVB-T signals.

06-Feb-2001 | AN-No. 7BM05

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM15

Spectrum that was previously reserved for TV broadcasting is being freed up in many countries for use under the new Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile radio standard (keyword: 'digital dividend'). As a result, numerous coexistence scenarios are possible. So network operators and manufacturers from both the mobile radio and the broadcast sector have a vital interest in avoiding any interference and performing in-depth testing of their products. Rohde & Schwarz offers a wideranging product portfolio for such applications. This Application Note presents Test & Measurement equipment for the broadcast and mobile radio sector and discusses some possible test setups.

08-Dec-2011 | AN-No. 1MA176

Receiver diversity improves reception quality by using multiple antennas with a preferably low correlation factor between each other. This results in a more robust handling of multipath signals, since a deep fade will then not affect all received signals at the same time. However, the compact dimensions of handheld devices can introduce unwanted correlation due to their dense antenna spacing. In this case, the popular diversity test setup consisting of several independent transmitters will no longer serve the needs of a realistic simulation, since correlation effects have to be taken into account here. A clever solution is to operate the R&S®SFU in split-fading mode in combination with a second transmitter. This can be another R&S®SFU, the R&S®SFE, the R&S®SFE100 or the R&S®SMU200A. In this way, two diversity signals of adjustable correlation for any common broadcast standard are coded in realtime, while their individual multipath profile is precisely specified by the extensive features of the R&S®SFU fader module.

19-Oct-2012 | AN-No. 7BM76

Rare faults and intermittent signals are difficult to capture. The R&S®RTO Oscilloscope supports the acquisition and the detailed signal analysis of these signals by using the history mode. The history mode allows the user to look back to previous acquisitions and apply the wide set of analysis functions of the RTO. Furthermore it stores the accurate recoding time of the waveforms for subsequent analysis.

03-Jun-2013 | AN-No. 1TD02

7BM37 MPEG2,DVRG,Broadcasting,DTV Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG 7BM37 MPEG2,DVRG,Broadcasting,DTV Transfer of Video Stream Files to and from DTV Recorder Generator DVRG

31-Jul-2003 | AN-No. 7BM37

In this whitepaper we describe the device to device communication in LTE from a UE point of view. Network elements are described as far as they concern the UE. In addition to the message transmission and reception, a special emphasis is put on the synchronization between UEs and on the security for the message exchange.

29-Sep-2015 | AN-No. 1MA264

This application note shows how to determine the quality of a video streamed by an LTE mobile with R&S®CMW500 Radio Communication Tester and R&S®VTE Video Analyzer. The R&S®CMWrun Test Software with CMW-KT051 General Purpose and CMW-KT105 AV Difference Analysis option allows the user to easily automate these tests.

08-Sep-2014 | AN-No. 1MA253

It is frequently desired to process the results stored on the floppy on a PC, eg for the generation of customer-specific test reports by means of a word processing system. To enable processing on an external PC, the binary data usually need conversion into an ASCII format. This is possible by means of the ESXS2ASC.EXE program. The program is available free of charge from your Rohde & Schwarz representative.

18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE21

Military satellite communications (MIL SATCOM) operators face unique challenges in maintaining reliable high-quality communications networks, particularly in remote or hostile environments. To address these challenges, the R&S®SATCOM Link Observer provides a versatile automated solution for monitoring and troubleshooting satellite communications links, ensuring efficient and effective communications networks.

03-Dec-2024

This application note describes remote operation or monitoring of the R&S® RTO digital oscilloscope through a standard web browser. The common cross-platform technology Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is used as a server on the instrument.

27-Jul-2010 | AN-No. 1ER01

- not available -

01-Aug-1997 | AN-No. 7BM39

Rohde & Schwarz signal generators can be connected in various ways to system controllers (typically PCs) and external PC peripherals. Although most of these connection operations are also explained in the instrument manuals, it is not always easy to maintain an overview. Operating manuals commonly focus on explaining a dedicated feature of a single instrument. This application note examines a range of typical user tasks and how to solve them with the different instruments.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1GP72

The duration of a measurement in multi evaluation list mode is sensitive to the test setup. This document describes various methods to achieve optimized performance for such measurements. The availability of the methods depends on the CMW500 version.

17-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1CM100

The DTV recorder generator DVRG is a useful tool for recording and replaying MPEG2 transport streams in addition to uncompressed video (ITU -R B.T. 601).[[ br />Due to their length and data rate the streams can become very large and might not be able to transfer through the internal CD-R drive. This application note describes how a Microsoft network can be setup for a quick file transfer and remote operation of DVRG.

24-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 7BM07

The MHL standard specifies the transmission of high-definition audio and video data on five individual lines, as well as the exchange of bidirectional control information and the supply of power from the sink to the source. Over 200 million portable CE devices - such as mobile phones, tablet PCs and cameras - already use this interface to present content onto larger screens. To ensure functionality and interoperability, every new MHL-capable device must, before entering the market, undergo thorough tests at an authorized test center (ATC) in line with the compliance test specification (CTS) issued by the MHL Consortium. This application note provides an overview of the MHL technology and also describes the Rohde & Schwarz compliance test solution for the system part of the current MHL2.0 standard version.

14-May-2013 | AN-No. 7BM83

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM18

Assure voice quality in line with ED-136 requirements and quickly identifies any deviations

21-Feb-2019

The Radiocommunication Tester CRTx can be used to test various aspects of GSM based mobile telephones. For this, a large number of testcases written in accordance with the GSM Rec. 11.10-1 are available. These tests are written in Borland C programming language, are supplied as source code, may also be modified by the user and are normally performed manually.

07-Mar-2002 | AN-No. 1CMAN30E

Are there really power peaks that are 20 dB above the average value? Yes, there are. Ever since the introduction of digital transmission technology, it has been necessary to deal with such orders of magnitude. RF power components must be suitably dimensioned to handle the expected voltage peaks and avoid breaking down. If we can determine the crest factor, i.e. the ratio of the peak value to the average or RMS value, with sufficient accuracy (even though it can only be assessed statistically), then we will have solved the question of dimensioning power components. This Application Note is intended to help with this problem by providing some useful insights including basic formulas, some statistical background and a practical look at the limiting factors when it comes to dealing with real transmitter systems.

22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 7TS02

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is an integral part of 3GPP E-UTRA long term evolution (LTE). As part of MIMO, beamforming is also used in LTE. This white paper discusses the basics of beamforming and explains the ten downlink and two uplink MIMO transmission modes in LTE Release 12.

10-Jul-2015 | AN-No. 1MA186

1EF86 LTE, MIMO, LTE-MIMO, RTO1044, SMU200A, K102, K103, K102PC, K103PC This application note describes the possibilities to measure LTE MIMO with the LTE-Software R&S®FS-K102/K103PC in combination with an R&S®RTO1044 oscilloscope. Testing LTE MIMO Signals using a R&S®RTO Oscilloscope 1EF86 LTE, MIMO, LTE-MIMO, RTO1044, SMU200A, K102, K103, K102PC, K103PC This application note describes the possibilities

24-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1EF86

Even with the introduction of HSDPA and HSUPA, evolution of UMTS has not reached its end. To ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond, UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being specified in 3GPP release 8. LTE, which is also known as Evolved UTRA and Evolved UTRAN, provides new physical layer concepts and protocol architecture for UMTS. This application note introduces LTE technology and testing aspects.

14-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA111

Assessing the functionality and performance of 5G VoNR service

30-Jun-2021

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM21

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM24

While RF communication signal distortions in nonlinear transmission paths have been predicted theoretically and studied experimentally for various signals, it is interesting to examine a wideband nonlinear system reaction to a wideband 3G signal and a narrowband 2G signal. Research and testing have demonstrated that, while most vital signal parameters remain within the limits specified by applicable standards even if composite signal power approaches specified maximum power, a relatively high level of spurious emissions caused by cross- and intermodulation can result. To avoid degrading both existing and new systems, this and other signal quality issues must be considered when designing and deploying multitechnology systems.

03-Nov-2006 | AN-No. 1MA110

This Application Note describes the differences in intermodulation distortion measurements between traditional spectrum analyzers with analog narrow-band IF signal path and modern spectrum analyzers using a wide-band IF signal path and digital RBW filters.

02-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1EF79

This application note discusses WLAN standard IEEE 802.11n. It first describes the most important amendments to previous releases and the ambitious new measurement tasks. Then, it describes how to deal with these tasks using Rohde & Schwarz instruments. The main focus here is on transmission over several TX and RX antennas (MIMO). Building multistandard signals using Rohde & Schwarz generators is also described. Screenshots from the analyzer taken on 802.11n signals complete the document.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA179