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This paper describes the characterization of aluminum electrolytic capacitors specifically used in AC-DC power converter applications. It will be discussed why this capacitor technology is critical regarding lifetime and why it cannot be substituted simply by any another capacitor technology. Different aging effects of the capacitor will be discussed. Usage of the capacitor in different AC-DC converter topologies will be presented. Simulation circuits will be used to analyze the capacitor in more detail before suitable measurements will be performed to demonstrate a real example of a switching-mode power supply (SMPS).After the introduction into the aluminum electrolytic capacitor basics and theory, this paper will also present all important and possible measurements of capacitor parameters, like capacitance, equivalent series resistance (ESR) and ripple current. This includes in-circuit measurement which can be performed with an oscilloscope. An LCR-bridge is used to obtain high accuracy measurements in addition. A comparison between the two measurement methods will be presented. Furthermore, the required measurement hardware for the in-circuit measurements and the bridge measurement will be discussed and presented.Lastly, two different lifetime calculation methods are presented and a real example is used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods.Thanks to Mr. Frank Puhane from Würth eiSos GmbH & Co. KG who provided me with all aluminum electrolytic capacitor samples including the prepared capacitor with build-in temperature sensors to perform all measurements. Furthermore, his great expertise was very beneficial and helpful to create this premium application note.

07-Feb-2023 | AN-No. 1SL388

Measuring the power supply noise rejection (PSNR) requires accurate generation and leveling of artificial, sinusoidal disturbances and measurement of resulting phase-noise and jitter impairments.

30-Sep-2020

This white paper describes how a QAgent deployment might be handled to lessen the impact on production or lab environments.

This results in minimal trigger jitter without postprocessing correction as well as high sensitivity that can be extended up to 16 bit in HD mode. 16-bit, low noise, RTO2000, high definition, precise measurement The unique digital trigger system from Rohde & Schwarz uses the sampling point of the A/D converter in the acquisition path so that the trigger system's input data is identical to the displayed

03-May-2023 | Press Releases

At IPAC’23 in Venice, Italy, Rohde & Schwarz demonstrates solutions that meet high precision particle accelerator requirements, address challenges in elementary particle research, particle therapy applications, material characterization, precise beam forming and monitoring as well as safe storage.

Rohde & Schwarz Drivers under VEE - Installation and Troubleshooting

20-Dec-2012 | AN-No. 1MA035

In addition the RTO6 can be used to monitor the communication between the two automotive Ethernet devices and also check the frequency response and spectrum of the noise signal source coming from the SMW. 1000BASE-T1, Signal Quality Indicator (SQI) 1000BASE-T1 interoperability test

RTO2000, signal flow diagrams, dialog boxes, crosslinks Signal flow diagrams in the dialog boxes visualize the signal processing, making it easier to configure measurements. Crosslinks take you directly to logically related settings. Forward/back buttons help you navigate quickly between dialog boxes. Semi-transparent dialog boxes are an elegant way of keeping everything in view.

Generating models with a VNA and using these on an oscilloscope via the deembedding

23-May-2023 | AN-No. 1SL393

R&S VSE-K70x/FSx-K70x/FPx-K70x Vector Signal Analysis Application - Specifications

27-Oct-2021 | Press Releases

Rohde & Schwarz is presenting its solutions live at productronica 2021, the leading global trade show for electronics development and production. The focus is on T&M equipment for latest technologies including automotive radar, satellite communications, Wi-Fi 7 and 5G. High throughput and low cost are essential in production environments, and Rohde & Schwarz solutions support exactly these goals. Trade show visitors will find the following Rohde & Schwarz highlights and more in hall A1, booth 375 at Messe München.

09-Nov-2022 | Press Releases

Rohde & Schwarz showcases at electronica 2022 (booth A3.307) the new R&S MXO 4 oscilloscope plus a wide range of test and measurement solutions tailored to developers and test engineers.

Comprehensive test solutions guide for production and R&D

Small cell is a compact base station with smaller form factor and lower transmission power in comparison to the conventional macro base station. It covers relatively small area and serves less users. Usually, small cell can be integrated into the existing mobile network. By the evolution of radio access technology, the role of small cell has been changing through the evolution path. In the 2G/3G time, its role was to provide coverage in corner cases. Later during LTE, networks are not just providing coverage but capacity too. Small cells were then used to provide the addition capacity where required without adding additional spectrum. Now in 5G era, network operators use densification as an important strategy to provide seamless 5G services which demand coverage, capacity and performance too. With use cases requiring the 5G millimeter wave (mmW) rollouts, it makes sense to use small cells for densification due to the propagation characteristics of mmW.In this application note, we will shed light on the testing aspects of a small cell throughout the product life cycle with particular focus on the production test solution for the small cell device under test (DUT) in FR2 (frequency range 2, mmW frequency band) in Over the Air (OTA) environment for option 6 split based on radio communication tester R&S®CMP200 and OTA chamber R&S®CMQ200. The document is complemented with more insights into test solutions used in typical R&D test applications towards the second half of the application note.

19-Jun-2023 | AN-No. 1SL395

TC8 – OPEN Alliance - Flyer

Signal model based approach to joint jitter and noise decomposition - First published at DesignCon 2020 - White Paper

Increasing demands on power distribution networks have resulted in smaller DC rails, as well as a proliferation of rails that ensure clean power reaches the pins of integrated circuits.

07-Mar-2017

This application note expands modulation bandwidth up to 2 GHz and covers both V- and E-band examples.

18-Jun-2015 | AN-No. 1MA257

This application note explains how to convert different Rohde&Schwarz I/Q file formats among each other using the supplied software tool.

23-Sep-2015 | AN-No. 1EF85

This document provides: - An explanation of analog versus digital triggering architectures - User advantages for oscilloscopes that have digital triggering - How to determine if an oscilloscope has a digital or analog trigger

本白皮书包含以下内容：- 模拟和数字触发架构 - 数字触发示波器的优势 - 如何辨别数字或模拟触发示波器

This document provides: - An explanation of update rate - How users can quickly perform their own update rate characterization - How to compare vendor update rates - Benefits of fast update rate

From designing a test setup to performing accurate measurements

This application note discusses important aspects of double-pulse test setups as well as how to perform accurate measurements. Double-Pulse testing is a standard test-method.

22-Mar-2021 | AN-No. GFM347

Verify the energy efficiency of your O-RAN radio units

19-Mar-2024

Selecting your next oscilloscope: Why fast update rate matters | 选择下一代示波器: 为什么更高的波形捕获率很重要 - White Paper Brochures and Data Sheets White Paper

This application note shows developers and manufacturers of devices with LoRa wireless technology how transmitter measurements are conducted in line with FCC Part 15.247.

29-Nov-2017 | AN-No. 1MA295

Oscilloscopes for debugging automotive Ethernet networks - Application Brochure

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Oscilloscopes for debugging automotive Ethernet networks - Application Brochure

Oscilloscopes for debugging automotive Ethernet networks - Application Brochure DE

04-Oct-2018 | Press Releases

Rohde & Schwarz and Spirent announce collaboration for TC8 Automotive Ethernet testing

R&S VSE-K106/FSx-K106/FPS-K106 EUTRA/LTE NB-IoT Measurement Application - Specifications

08-Jun-2022 | Press Releases

Nuremberg will be home to the international embedded industry once again during embedded world Exhibition & Conference. Rohde & Schwarz will be showing its latest test solutions from June 21 to 23, 2022 at booth 4-218 of Nuremberg Exhibition Centre. There, visitors can experience product highlights like the new generation of the R&S RTP high-performance oscilloscope, and they can learn from the Rohde & Schwarz experts about state-of-the art test solutions for all kinds of embedded systems.