EMI compliance is becoming a major concern for advanced power electronics due to increasing switching speeds. Correlated time-frequency measurements help optimize gate driving and minimize electromagnetic emissions early on during development.

27-Apr-2023

In digital wireless communication systems one or multiple users are assigned to a physical RF channel. With analog systems only one user per carrier is possible. Output spectrum of the transmitter has to be restricted to the assigned channel in order to avoid interference with the neighbor channels. With the switch over to digital modulation formats more user per channel are possible. They share one channel by using only part of the time for transmission (Time Division Multiplex Access, TDMA) or by coding the transmission by orthogonal sequences for distinction to other users (Code Division Multiples Access, CDMA). Beneath the restriction of modulation spectrum with TDMA systems also time behavior of the transmitted signal is critical. One reason is that in a multi-user situation only one user is allowed to transmit within his assigned time slots. Another reason is that by switching a carrier on and off spectrum of the transmitter splatters and causes additional interference in other RF channels.

17-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF32

With the R&S®RTB2000/RTM3000/RTA4000 oscilloscopes, you control and interact remotely via LAN. These oscilloscopes incorporate the USB-based connectivity standard media transfer protocol (MTP).

20-Mar-2017

Modulation Analyzers FMA (up to 1.36 GHz) and FMB (up to 5 GHz) are high-grade FM demodulators from Rohde & Schwarz with highly stable synthesizer, low-noise FM demodulator, automatic frequency tuning and fine-tuning, separation of AM from FM,all of which make Analyzers FMA/FMB ideal for phase noise measurements.

03-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1EF15

Today’s electronic devices often draw non-sinusoidal, irregular current where harmonic current is fed back into the universal supply system. Monitoring this current is both crucial and mandatory for CE compliant devices. The R&S®NPA701 compliance tester seamlessly and efficiently monitors this current.

27-Mar-2024

Current Radar development is focusing the area of signal processing. This is taken into account by this educational note, where the R&S®SMW / SMBV instruments on the transmitter side and R&S®FSW / FSV instruments on the receiver side are combined to a closed loop Radar system, performing radar detection by means of pulse compression and digital signal processing. Appropriate Rohde & Schwarz sofware tools for such applications are described as well as the interface between the tools and the test instruments. Target reader group are engineering students who want to perform tests using pulsed or chirped signals.

20-Nov-2014 | AN-No. 1MA234

The R&S®SITLine ETH's military-grade cryptography secures monitoring network data.

07-Jul-2014

This application note describes how to test and perform a WLAN power measurement using the R&S CMU200 by means of remote-control or manual operation.

18-Oct-2005 | AN-No. 1CM55

Modern automotive radar systems occupy very wide bandwidth in order to have a good location resolution. In most cases the bandwidth is a result of frequency modulation or fast frequency hopping techniques, in some cases also pulse modulation is used. Besides the measurement of the frequency variation over time like deviation and linearity, the verification of emissions according to EN or FCC standards is mandatory. ETSI regulations for measuring peak transmission power from radar operating at 77-81 GHz require 50 MHz resolution bandwidth for the measurements. Publications are available that describe the measurements on pulsed UWB or MB-OFDM signals in detail, for frequency-modulated signals the information is limited.This application note provides information how to perform spectral emission measurements on frequency modulated CW signals with spectrum analyzers using RBW filters with very wide bandwidth, and explains the capabilities and the limiting factors of the Rohde & Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement.

28-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1EF107

For measurements of non-connectorized devices, test fixtures, probes or other structures are used to adapt from the coaxial interface of the test setup to the device under test (DUT). For accurate measurements of the DUT, these lead-ins and lead-outs need to be characterized, so that their effects can be mathematically removed, i.e. de-embedded from the measurement results.This application note provides practical hints to accurately characterize and de-embed these lead-in and lead-out structures with R&S Vector Network Analyzers ZNA, ZNB, ZNBT and ZND. As de-embedding is also essential in other test equipment like oscilloscopes, etc., this guide also describes, how lead-ins and lead-outs can be accurately characterized with a VNA and then exported as an S-Parameter file to be used by other test instruments.

19-Sep-2022 | AN-No. 1SL367

Sequencer Software Tool

14-Mar-2016

Deep memory in an oscilloscope ensures that long waveforms are captured with high resolution right down to the details thanks to a high sustained sample rate. Users can be confident that they are not ‘missing anything’. They benefit from viewing longer periods of time and quickly finding signal anomalies or important events.

21-Mar-2017

This paper describes the measurement of additive/residual phase noise of power amplifiers or multipliers for example for automotive RADAR sensors at 80 GHz using the interferometric measurement approach in combination with a phase noise and VCO tester R&S FSWP. The setup provides a way to characterize the additive/residual phase noise of amplifiers down to -150 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset even in the microwave range at 80 GHz.

11-Sep-2024 | AN-No. 1EF117

SMIQ/ABFS TV shows the SMIQ or ABFS display remotely on any Windows™ PC

02-May-2002 | AN-No. 1GP54

The I/Q-Modulation Generator AMIQ provides high precision I/Q analog output for data calculated by the software WinIQSIM. Additionally, the software AMIQ-K2 enables you to read, convert, and transfer existing data files from various other programs to AMIQ format. Input formats supported by AMIQ-K2 are: - The propriety R&S programs IQSIM and DAB-K1. - Mathematic calculation programs like Matlab and Mathcad. - AWG202, COSSAP and ADS data files. AMIQ-K2 also provides you with remote control for AMIQ. For hardware and software requirements see section 2. AMIQ-K2 transfers data to AMIQ using either - GPIB - RS232. An extensive manual is supplied to help you use AMIQ-K2.

24-Nov-1999 | AN-No. 1MA10

R&S®NESTOR cellular network analysis software supports law enforcement agencies in alibi verification by analyzing mobile network traces. R&S®NESTOR gives users reliable confirmation of whether an individual’s mobile phone was at a specific location at the time of a crime.

10-Apr-2024

This Application Note describes measurements compliant with the cdma2000 base station standard described in 3GPP2 C.S0010 / TIA/EIA-97 / ARIB STD-T64-C.S0010.The primary focus is on solutions for generating and analyzing cdma2000 signals. The special characteristics that make the selected signal generators and signal analyzers eminently suitable for this purpose are detailed, and remote control programming is demonstrated by a free of charge program.

05-Sep-2003 | AN-No. 1MA61

The Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (SCTE) defined the ANSI/SCTE 40 specification: Digital Cable Network Interface Standard. ANSI/SCTE 40 tests are designed to test conformance of set-top boxes and other cable receiving equipment to ensure that they will operate correctly when installed in a cable system. The tests are a combination of noise (AWGN and phase noise), AM hum, micro-reflections, digital and analog adjacent channels, and other discrete interferences. These impairments are found on most cable systems to some degree. Rohde & Schwarz provides set-top box manufacturers with an easy solution to perform conformance testing in line with ANSI/SCTE 40 by using the R&S®SFU broadcast test system and the R&S®SFE100 broadcast tester. The R&S®SFU is able to perform most of the test procedures in one unit. Furthermore, additional test transmitters allow the simulation of full channel loading. This Application Note explains the specific test requirements, a possible setup, and the configuration using the R&S®SFU/SFE100.

29-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 7BM68

Short measurement time in conjunction with high accuracy and repeatability of results are essential for efficient testing of mobile phone power amplifiers. Power Meter R&S®NRP, Signal Generator R&S®SMIQ, Spectrum Analyzers R&S®FSP/FSU/FSQ and Power Supply R&S®NGMO2 offer optimum characteristics such as high accuracy, fast settling speed and short measurement time in programmed mode. This application note concentrates on testing GSM/EDGE mobile power amplifiers and shows typical test setups and programming examples for Signal Generator R&S®SMIQ and Spectrum Analyzer R&S®FSP/FSU/FSQ, benchmark numbers and repeatability results.

29-Apr-2004 | AN-No. 1MA66

This Application Note introduces the new interferer management option, R&S SFU-K37 and describes how this can be used to generate various types of interfering signals for testing the performance of a receiver.

09-Jan-2007 | AN-No. 7BM50

This paper explains how to use the Rohde & Schwarz IVI.NET instrument drivers in Visual Studio environment from the prospective of an occasional C# programmer in need of automating a measurement task.

31-May-2016 | AN-No. 1MA268

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM11

Detailed instructions on 'How to activate the Win XP firewall'. The firewall is already activated on new units!

23-Nov-2004 | AN-No. 7BM46

This application note is intended as a guide to configuring the R&S®CMU200 instrument for CDMA2000 1xEV-DO / 1xRTT Hybrid Mode testing.

01-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 1CM65

The R&S spectrum analyzers and signal analyzers offer an additional equalizer filter in the Vector Signal Analysis Application Firmware R&S FSQ-K70/FSx-B73, which is a powerful tool for measurement and analysis of vector-modulated signals. This application note describes the functionality of the equalizer filter and how to set the filter parameter manually in an accurate and fast way.

06-Feb-2009 | AN-No. 1EF61

This application note is a systematic guide to help test engineers configure the Vector Network Analyzer in order to perform compliance test on Automotive Ethernet cables according to the Open Alliance TC9 standard.

13-Aug-2019 | AN-No. GFM323

TETRA, the TErrestrial Trunked RAdio, is the professional mobile radio standard (PMR) used world wide by governmental safety and security authorities and organizations, as well as by private utilities from energy suppliers through to transport. Rohde & Schwarz provide test instruments idealy suited for both the development and production of TETRA base stations and user equipment, as well as for network planning, network coverage and quality of service, network monitoring and optimization, maintenance, and service. This Application Note shows examples for measurements with R&S instruments covering the entire range of TETRA test requirements.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA189

Vector signals at microwave frequencies can easily be generated by the direct upconversion of I/Q baseband signals. A versatile and cost-efficient solution consists of an R&S®SMF100A microwave signal generator combined with a baseband source (e.g. the R&S®AFQ100A) and an external I/Q mixer. This application note describes how to perform the frequency upconversion.

28-Jul-2009 | AN-No. 1GP76

Over-the-air (OTA) beamforming testing

04-May-2018

The R&S®CMU200 provides the signals required for 2nd order intermodulation (IM2) performance verification for WCDMA / CDMA2000 chipsets with zero IF design.This application note is a guide to configure the R&S®CMU200 for such an application.

16-Dec-2004 | AN-No. 1CM54