Voice over IP for air traffic control

21-Nov-2014

Timing components such as low jitter oscillators and clocks are necessary to facilitate increasing data rates in high speed digital designs. As part of the overall system design, the components also have to perform in the system’s non-ideal power integrity environment and limit the power supply induced phase noise and jitter from power rail disturbances. Measuring the power supply noise rejection (PSNR) requires accurate generation and leveling of artificial, sinusoidal disturbances and measurement of resulting phase-noise and jitter impairments.

30-Sep-2020

The R&S®SMW200A signal generator together with the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software simplifies signal generation for multi-emitter environments.

24-Feb-2015

EW receiver mission data files can contain hundreds of emitters with thousands of modes and beams that must be tested by simulation at RF. Often, these emitters, their modes and beams are listed on intelligence databases and must be imported from a spreadsheet into to an emitter simulation application such as the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software. For this purpose, the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software offers an internal script editor which allows to import user data and automatically generate emitter, sequence or platform configurations that can then immediately be played into RF without any additional software. Furthermore, the R&S®Pulse Sequencer offers a SCPI recorder tool to collect manual entries during scenario data creation into a list of corresponding SCPI commands. This list of commands can easily be used to create user defined scripts that can either run in the internal script editor or an external software (e.g. Matlab, Python).

01-Jul-2021 | AN-No. 1GP131

Sequencer Software Tool

14-Mar-2016

Recent mobile test methods could not evaluate the quality of data reduced speech signals with different coded and decoded signals. The Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) provides the solution for this measuring problem. WCDMA PESQ is an add-on tool for CMUgo for automatic measurement of the PESQ for WCDMA mobile phones according to recommendation ITU-T P.862.1 featuring selectable fading profiles and variable Additional White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).

05-Jan-2012 | AN-No. 1MA137

Integrated end-to-end data solution with IP traffic analysis and protocol statistics allows detailed analysis of data traffic generated by IoT and mobile devices.

06-Jun-2017

This application note has been replaced by application note .

27-Oct-2009 | AN-No. 1MA56

This application note describes how to directly transfer S-Parameter Trace Data from R&S Network Analyzers to Microsoft Excel using a direct connection like GPIB or LAN. Prerequisites are a PC running Microsoft Excel, a R&S Network analyzer like ZVA, ZVB or ZVT as well as a working remote control connection between PC and instrument like GPIB or LAN / Ethernet.

22-Mar-2007 | AN-No. RSI02

Power amplifiers for WCDMA/3GPP base stations should have the best possible spectral purity and smallest intermodulation distortion, in order to prevent disturbance of the neighbouring channels. To test such amplifiers, signal generators are required that can generate WCDMA signals with low noise and intermodulation over a very wide dynamic range. The R&S SMIQ03HD signal generator with its outstanding Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) performance is especially designed for these applications. This application note describes how to use SMIQ03HD to get the best performance with 3GPP single and multi carrier signals.

02-Sep-2002 | AN-No. 1GP52

A whole series of measurements has to be carried out for drafting an acceptance test report for a VHF sound broadcasting transmitter in compliance with ARD Specifications 5/3.1 (= TL 5820-3018 of the Deutsche Bundespost). As in most cases parameters like transmitter output power, frequency stability, spurious modulation, etc. have to be measured in the two stereo channels of the transmitter separately and at different modulation frequencies and frequency deviation, manual-controlled measurements are very time-consuming. In addition, a great variety of test equipment eg AF generator, stereodecoder, level meter, etc. is required for the measurements. FMAB with option FMA-B4 (AM/FM Calibrator / AF Generator) is ideally suitable for these measurements on VHF sound broadcasting receivers. The internal AF generator provides the signals required for the left and the right stereo channel. The MPX signal from the VHF transmitter is decoded by the built-in stereodecoder. As a result many of the tests and measurements required for the acceptance of VHF sound broadcasting receivers can be carried out without any additional test equipment being required. To give an example, a test program running under the graphics user interface Microsoft Windows has been developed for carrying out automatic power and modulation measurements via a PC.

04-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1EF09

Vector Network Analyzers of t ZNA and ZNB family are able to measure magnitude and phase of complex S-parameters of a device under test (DUT) in the frequency domain. By means of the inverse Fourier transform the measurement results can be transformed to the time domain. Thus, the impulse or step response of the DUT is obtained, which gives an especially clear form of representation of its characteristics. For instance, faults in cables can thus be directly localized. Moreover, special time domain filters, so-called gates, are used to suppress unwanted signal components such as multireflections. The measured data "gated" in the time domain are then transformed back to the frequency domain and an Sparameter representation without the unwanted signal components is obtained as a function of frequency. As usual, other complex or scalar parameters such as impedance or attenuation can then be calculated and displayed.

30-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1EP83

This document describes Bluetooth Low Energy RF over-the-air RX and TX measurements using advertising channels for communication with Bluetooth Low Energy devices.With the R&S®CMW-KD611 software option, the R&S CMW tester is able to perform a large number of Bluetooth Low Energy RF tests without operating in the Direct Test Mode.The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Rohde & Schwarz is under license.

14-Dec-2020 | AN-No. 1C109

Due to recent security concerns, ultrawideband (UWB) technology is making its way into automotive key fobs. Rohde & Schwarz offers a flexible test solution for the high demands of R&D and highthroughput production environments.

21-Mar-2017

NGM200, NGL200 The R&S®NGL200 and R&S®NGM200 can simulate battery cells when testing battery management systems and replace far more expensive dedicated battery simulators. Testing battery management systems with Rohde & Schwarz power supplies NGM200, NGL200 The R&S®NGL200 and R&S®NGM200 can simulate battery cells when testing battery management systems and replace far more expensive dedicated battery

08-Jun-2020

10BASE-T1S Ethernet enables the integration of diverse sensors into an automotive-Ethernet vehicle supply system, for example short-range radar sensors for detecting blind spots or ultrasonic sensors for the parking assistant. For reliable operation of the functions, data transmission over 10BASE‑T1S Ethernet must be assured at all times and in every climatic environment. Functionality must be tested during development and in production. Only 10BASE-T1S Ethernet interfaces that have passed compliance testing in line with IEEE 802.3cg can be deployed in vehicles. Consequently, vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers need measuring equipment that allows them to perform these tests quickly and reliably.

15-May-2020

Make more accurate power rail measurements.

17-Jul-2018

Spectrum scans are beneficial for many use-cases such as troubleshooting, interference detection and interference hunting, or verification tasks like scheduler verification or other engineering tasks. A time-gated spectrum scan, which is a power spectrum scan which applies a time gate on uplink/downlink slots/symbols and/or the guard period reveals even more details in uplink/downlink or guard period power spectrum. This allows to focus on the uplink / downlink or guard period power spectrum in 5G NR TDD networks. This educational note explains use cases for spectrum measurements, the complexity in 5G TDD and its technology basics, and which problems can be solved with the described solution. The software used is R&S®ROMES4 together with a R&S®TSMx6 drive and walk test scanner.

21-Sep-2023 | AN-No. 8NT08

This application note describes how the most important fading tests for mobile phonesin all GSM frequency bands can be carried out cost-effectively using a combination of a CRTP/C02 Radiocommunication Tester and SMIQ Signal Generator.

23-May-2000 | AN-No. 1MA19

This application note describes how to generate test signals with Rohde & Schwarz signal generators of the R&S® SMx family (R&S®SMA100A, R&S®SMF100A, R&S®SML, R&S®SMT, and R&S®SMIQ) to perform interference testing on implantable medical devices using a small application software.

15-Jul-2009 | AN-No. RCS0812-0065

The R&S®CMP200 radio communication tester together with the R&S®CM-Z300A time of flight kit provides an accurate setup for time of flight measurements – in validation, calibration and certification.

27-Jul-2022

This Application Note describes the HSDPA uplink channel structure. Challenges for UE power amplifier design are outlined, and guidelines how to use R&S measurement equipment for testing UE power amplifiers are provided. An outlook on High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) and the impact of HSUPA on the uplink channel structure is given.

11-Jul-2011 | AN-No. 1MA84

This application Note is based on CMW500, SMBV100B and Vector CANoe.Car2x Software and guides to how to simulate the specific Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) wireless environment in respect to road transport scenarios and transmitted messages around the Device Under Test (DUT) like a Telematics Control Unit (TCU). It shows how to verify and validate the C-V2X application of the DUT in laboratory environment. The virtual simulation scenario is not limited to the requirements of CSAE53-2017 specification, and it could be modified by user according to this operating guide with CANoe.Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a new generation of information and communications technologies that connect vehicles to everything. The objective of V2X is to increase road safety and manage traffic efficiently.C-V2X is designed to offer low-latency vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications services to add a new dimension to future advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). C-V2X as one communications standard defined by 3GPP in Release 14 uses LTE technology as the physical interface for communications. The standard describes two types of communications. The vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications type, exploits the cellular Uu interface, uses traditional cellular link to enable cloud services to be integrated into end-to-end solutions, e.g. to allow road and traffic information for a given area to be distributed to the vehicles.The second type is referred to as direct or PC5/Sidelink (V2V, V2I, V2P) communications, where data transmission takes place over the PC5 interface. In that type, C-V2X does not necessarily require a cellular network infrastructure. It can operate without a SIM and without network assistance and uses GNSS as its primary source for time synchronization.Verifying system functionality and performance exclusively by field testing in a real-world environment can be time-consuming, costly and very challenging. Requirements regarding functionality, and consequently the required assistance functions, are constantly changing. Due to this fact, test solutions are needed during the development and introduction phase to verify compliance with the standards. The PC5 direct communications type allows exchange of time sensitive and safety relevant information. Using a mobile communication tester like the R&S® CMW500 together with a C-V2X scenario simulation tool delivers reproducible test scenarios. This is essential for the standardization of verification processes for C-V2X in order to obtain reliable and comparable results, and it helps to demonstrate that end-to-end functionality between two C-V2X devices from different vendors works properly.

02-Jun-2021 | AN-No. GFM341

This document provides some technical background and guidance on how to optimize the measurement of one of the key performance parameters of WLAN transmitters - the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM).

IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput (EHT), also known as Wi-Fi 7, is the latest amendment of the IEEE 802.11 standard and is still under development. This amendment focuses mainly on improved throughput. To do so, the most notable changes currently implemented are:► New modulation scheme: 4096-QAM (4K-QAM)► Larger bandwidth: 320 MHz► Support for 16x16 MU-MIMO► Enhanced resource allocation in OFDMAThis places special demands on the measurement equipment.

06-Sep-2022 | AN-No. 1EF114

Welcome to our short video tutorials on how to test radars using Rohde & Schwarz test equipment. Access to most information about radar is pretty restricted, as many radar applications are military or secretive industrial research. To show you some basic Radar tests we have created RADAR demo tools, which functions at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, which is in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band. So we can even perform our tests in unshielded rooms. The frequencies are also used by radar operating in the ITU "S"-band from 2.3 to 2.5 GHz for air traffic control, weather and marine radar. The videos are suitable for 'from-the-scratch' introduction of R&S RADAR test equipment. They can also be used for plain introduction to the RADAR principle.

03-Feb-2014 | AN-No. 1MA209

VSC4G, VCS-G4, VSC, CERTIUM Rohde & Schwarz solution CERTIUM VCS CERTIUM VCS for VoIP radio interconnection with traditional VCS for step-by-step transition to VoIP VSC4G, VCS-G4, VSC, CERTIUM Rohde & Schwarz solution CERTIUM VCS CERTIUM VCS for VoIP radio interconnection with traditional VCS for step-by-step transition to VoIP VSC4G, VCS-G4, VSC, CERTIUM Rohde & Schwarz solution CERTIUM VCS

24-Jul-2023

Power converter and inverter designs for higher power levels are usually based on hard switching half bridge configurations. In such setups, users must pay particular attention to proper switching operations to prevent shoot-through events. Setting up complex real-time trigger conditions using the R&S®RTE and R&S®RTO oscilloscopes increases the test coverage and robustness of converter and inverter systems.

10-Aug-2020

This document describes how the advanced calibration techniques of the ZVA Vector Network Analyzers can solve the challenges of measuring the S-Parameters on impedance matching devices. The document describes the concept and setup required to perform the calibration of the ZVA and making the measurement. The procedure described in this application note applies to the ZVB and ZVT Vector Network Analyzers as well.

06-May-2009 | AN-No. 1EZ59

This application note describes ATSC Mobile DTV standard A/153, ATSC-M/H. This standard is completely implemented in the R&S®AEM100 ATSC-M/H Emission Multiplexer.

22-Jan-2011 | AN-No. 7EB01

With advances in digital signal processing techniques modern wireless communications systems and radar systems have become increasingly digital and more constraints have been placed on packing more information into less and less bandwidth. On the wireless side, modulation formats have become more complicated with less margin for symbol error. On the radar side, modern radar systems are trying to extract more information about the targets they track and provide the ability to track slow moving targets such as automobiles and personnel in the presence of clutter.For both communications and radar systems one of the key RF parameters that limits system performance is phase noise. As systems engineers develop new and more advanced RF systems, phase noise of oscillators and transmitters can no longer be overlooked.This application note will focus on phase noise measurements for pulsed RF carriers such as those used for radar systems. We will address some of the physical limitations relating to pulsed phase noise measurement and introduce the capabilities of the new Rohde & Schwarz FSWP phase noise analyzer.

18-May-2016 | AN-No. 1EF94