The R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer with integrated LO output and direct IF input options is a simple, cost-effective solution for 2-port and 4-port measurements using Rohde & Schwarz mmWave converters.

19-Jul-2021

Since the video signal - composite or component - is a most complex one regarding the spectral density or even the group delay in the baseband, you need special procedures to measure the signal parameters with an objective and absolute accuracy of less than one percent over the whole frequency range up to 6 MHz. The following describes a method allowing the precise measurement of a baseband signal, which then may be taken for the calibration of video analyzers such as the well-known R&S units UAF or UVF and future products.

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM22

Starting from June 2017, almost all radio transmitters and receivers sold or put into operation in the European Union have to be tested for immunity against interferers in adjacent frequency bands. ETSI standard EN 303 340 defines the tests to be performed on digital television receivers and requirements to be passed.This application note describes the test procedures and provides save-recall files and interferer signals for the Broadcast Test Center R&S®BTC.

11-Jul-2017 | AN-No. 1GP116

Impedance measurements with vector network analyzers require maximum precision. The R&S®ZNL is able to characterize a broad range of impedances with the lowest uncertainty among its competitors in the same class.

02-Oct-2019

For the transmission of digial audio data, different data formats are in use. The AES/EBU format, which is used in professional applications, as well as the S/P DIF format used in consumer electronics, transmit the audio data in time multplex for both channels. Additonal bits in the data stream cover complementary information, respectively are used for error detection.The generation and the analysis of those protocol data using the audio analyzers UPD or UPL is the topic of this application note. An extract of the AES3 standard informs about the basic definitions.

04-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1GA15

This application note shows how to configure the R&S®AdVISE visual inspection software to automate the immunity testing in line with EN 55020 and CISPR 35 on TV sets and monitors.

30-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1S007

This application note provides a summary of the current test solutions available with Rohde & Schwarz equipment. The opportunities provided by the individual devices are presented briefly and a demonstration using a spectrum analyzer and a vector signal generator is described.

14-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA112

Recording, converting and playing back real-world signals

13-Jul-2012

This application note explains the concept of Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement on 3GPP W-CDMA signals with the spectrum analyzer FSP. Optimum operation for both the integrated bandwidth method and the new time domain method are shown via explanation of the signal behavior and the internal structure of the FSP. With the time domain method the spectrum analyzer family FSP provides a new approach featuring a very short measurement time compared to the integrated bandwidth method.

12-Jan-2001 | AN-No. 1EF41

Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar, military Air Traffic Surveillance (ATS) radar and meteorological radar operate in S-Band frequency range. In fact 4G communication systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) make also use of these frequencies. Test and measurement of their coexistence is absolutely essential as performance degradation of mobile devices and networks and even malfunction of ATC radars has been proven.This application note describes LTE and S-Band radar coexistence test and measurement. It addresses LTE user equipment, base stations and S-Band radars and presents test solutions.

28-Mar-2014 | AN-No. 1MA211

PESQ measurements employ a level adaptation algorithm and are hence widely insensitive to absolute level. However, if the tests are performed via a speech codec, the driving level of the codec has an influence on the MOS result. Therefore careful alignment of the level is required. This application note provides an application program which runs on the Audio Analyzer R&S UPV or R&S UPV66 and can be used to calibrate signal levels for the PESQ measurement.

30-Jun-2011 | AN-No. 1GA50

This application note demonstrates the use of the Measurement Receiver to calibrate the signal output level of a Signal Generator.Calibration in this application is a two-step process.► The absolute output level of the signal source, at a fixed level, is measured using a thermal power sensor (e.g. NRP50T), which in turn outputs its reading to the FSMR.► Output power calibration over a wider dynamic range (to lower power) is performed by connecting the FSMR to the signal source directly, and sweeping the power of the signal source.The FSMR offers a nominal total measurement uncertainty of <0.015 dB +/- 0.005 dB per 10dB step. At 1GHz, the power measurement range covers -152 dBm to +30 dBm. It is this intrinsic linearity, that the accuracy of the calibration relies upon.Absolute power measurement uncertainty, for the NRP50T thermal power sensor used in this Application Note, is 0.040 dB to 0.143 dB.This process may be repeated at multiple frequencies. Calibration values are automatically stored and managed by the FSMR. Measurement frequencies for calibrations are stored, will be automatically recalled by the FSMR, by re-selection of those frequencies.

31-Dec-2021 | AN-No. 1SL377

This application note shows how to run 3GPP WCDMA BER and BLER tests according to standard TS 25.141 with the Vector Signal Generators R&S®SMBV100A, R&S®SMJ100A, or R&S®SMU200A. The description of hardware test setup is followed by detailed instructions on how to configure the R&S® generators and how to run a BER or BLER test step by step. Remote control commands for the generators are included, to simplify integrating the BER/BLER tests into your proprietary test suite.

06-Mar-2009 | AN-No. 1MA144

The present R&S®SMW-K506 Interface Control Document contains information on► the R&S descriptor word format, including ARB descriptor words and control descriptor words in deterministic and instant mode► Timing requirements and limitations of the interface► Properties of the network interface (Connector designation: HS DIGIQ).It is intended for use by customers using descriptor words to control the R&S®SMW200A in real-time. The interface control document specifies the interface between the customer’s hardware used for provision of descriptor words and the R&S®SMW200A HS DIGIQ interface. Additional information on descriptor word processing inside the R&S®SMW200A is provided.

17-Mar-2022 | AN-No. 1GP134

Distortions caused by components in the RFFE (radio frequency front end) limit the performance and throughput of communications systems. Types of distortions include:▪ AM-AM and AM-PM (complex variations of gain with amplitude)▪ Non-linear frequency response (memory effect)All RFFE components exhibit all of these distortions, only the proportions vary. In this Application Note, illustrative measurements of individual RFFE components, as well as a complete RFFE, will be made. This is followed by the documentation of a more complete analysis, including comparison against theoretical limits, of a linearized commercial SatCom BUC product.

27-Feb-2017 | AN-No. 1MA299

Sequencer Software Tool

14-Mar-2016

The R&S®ZNB vector network analyzer is easy to configure and calibrate using the built-in intermodulation wizard.

19-Dec-2013

Digital pre-distortion (DPD) is a common method to linearize the output signal of a power amplifier (PA), which is being operated in its non-linear operating range.Most PAs operate in their non-linear range for efficiency reasons. The drawback of higher efficiency is the non-linear operating range. In order to maintain signal quality, many transmitters employ DPD. Implementing real-time DPD in a transmitter is a challenging task and often ends in PA models, which are specific to the signal transmitted.Even though these complex models are required for transmitter development, they are not needed during PA verification and development.This article describes an approach to generate a pre-distorted signal based on a hard-clipper. The resulting waveform pushes the output of the DUT as close to the hard-clipper as possible.Due to the waveform approach, the algorithm compensates all memory effects.

13-Sep-2017 | AN-No. 1EF99

The new IP connection security analysis solution for the R&S®CMW500 platform identifies IoT and mobile communications devices’ IP connection vulnerabilities in an early stage of development.

04-Apr-2017

Automated long-term measurements expand snapshot measurements associated with risk communication

12-Jun-2007

SMW200A, SMZ90, Pulse Sequencer software, vector signal generator, frequency multiplier, Automotive radar sensors, Testing automotive radars Testing automotive radars against norm interferers; The R&S ® Pulse Sequencer software simulates arbitrary RF environments and supports the generation of radar norm interferers to test automotive radars operating in the 24 GHz, 77 GHz and 79 GHz frequency band

20-Oct-2016

The R&S®CMW500 and R&S®SMBV100B are the ideal team for motor vehicle type approval testing of your eCall and ERA-GLONASS cellular modems and their GNSS receivers in line with the EU2017/79 regulation.

02-May-2022

R&S®CMWcards is an intuitive and user-friendly software application that makes mobility verification easier than ever.

23-Jul-2019

With the rise of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite constellations for broadband data connectivity over the last few years, the need to dynamically simulate the channel between the satellite and user equipment (UE) or the satellite and the ground station (GS) has grown at a staggering pace. The satellite channel is subject to various atmospheric effects and the relative motion between the satellite and UE, resulting in frequency and level variations that depend on the satellite's position in the sky. Consequently, it is essential for manufacturers of related receivers and other hardware components to consider these effects during the design and production phases to ensure optimal performance and reliability.In this application note, the focus will be on giving an overview of the functionalities of the R&S Space Nexus and explaining how to use the software to create realistic fading files out of a given Two Line Elements (TLE) file that is describing the trajectory of a satellite. Afterwards the approach for using this file to simulate a realistic satellite fading scenario using the R&S®SMW200A equipped with a R&S®SMW-K820 (custom dynamic fading option), is explained

03-Feb-2025 | AN-No. 1GP147

Being faced with a wide variety of standards and manufacturer’s specifications, test engineers may often find it difficult to keep track of necessary audio measurements. This is aggravated by the fact that modern audio analyzers offer a multitude of settings. This application note serves as an aid offering a collection of typical setups that make it possible to get started with measurements immediately. In addition, information is given on associated standards, on the adaptation of the setups to specific measurement tasks as well as on the evaluation of results.

04-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1GA36

This application note explains how to convert different Rohde & Schwarz I/Q file formats among each other using the supplied software tool.

23-Sep-2015 | AN-No. 1EF85

The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer with the R&S®FSW-K160R realtime option and the R&S®FSW-K6 pulse measurement option is ideal for testing modern radars.

04-Jul-2013

With the wideband extension R&S®ESW-B1000, the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver allows never seen testing speed with up to 970 MHz of FFT bandwidth. External applications can now take advantage of the wide bandwidth. ESW firmware 3.20 adds a new method for exporting trace data from the instrument, regardless if the instrument is equipped with the wideband extension or not. SCPI commands allow live trace export of multiple traces simultaneously. This application note describes the use and applications of SCPI commands to request trace data of up to 4 traces simultaneously from the R&S®ESW receiver, even allowing CISPR detectors. The commands enable trace export while the instrument measures continuously and therefore theoretically enable infinite measurements.

25-Jul-2024 | AN-No. 1EE27

Combining the R&S®UPP audio analyzers with the R&S®SMB100A signal generators provides the most compact and fastest test solution for modern FM car radios

19-Feb-2015

The test case wizard enables the signal generator to set up all required parameters for conformance testing of 5G NR base stations in no time with just a few clicks.

25-May-2021