Electronic systems like electronic control units (ECU) must pass several stringent qualification tests in order to be approved for automotive use. These tests include a reverse polarity test which is specified as part of ISO 16750‑2. In line with the specification, the electronic module must withstand a negative supply voltage for a specific time without suffering any damage. The R&S®NGU401 source measurement unit (SMU) is ideal to perform this task, plus it provides automated testing capability.

23-May-2022

Rohde & Schwarz has made a breakthrough for better jitter and noise separation with the launch of SW options (RT-K133 & RT-K134). Technical information on this new algorithm were presented at . We received a lot of positive feedback on this new technique. However, one fundamental question still remained. How does this new algorithm compare to established solutions available on the market today?This app note provides an introduction into the various jitter components and elucidates the commonly available jitter separation frameworks. Finally, it provides a comparison between the different commercial solutions, while explaining the used waveforms and signals to achieve the results. Curios? Read on, to learn how Rohde & Schwarz’s new option for jitter and noise separation delivers dependable and stable results. If you are interested in evaluating on your own, you may download the waveform files with registration.

08-Dec-2021 | AN-No. 1SL375

This application note shows how to remote control the switching of RF and digital I/O signals by R&S®OSP Open Switch and Control Platform directly from a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) or from a Spectrum Analyzer (SA). The R&S®ZVA, R&S®ZVB, R&S®ZNB, R&S®FSW and R&S®FSV families are covered. The application note first describes the requirements and setup procedure. It is shown how to install the software and how to set up the system in order to get highest flexibility and best usability. It is then shown how to calibrate the entire configuration and finally some practical examples are provided. Switching is explained using VNAs as an example, the appendix 5.4 provides hints regarding the differences when using SAs in a similar way.

06-Dec-2013 | AN-No. 1MA226

This application note shows all necessary settings for measuring shielding effectiveness using the R&S®EMC32-K48 option via R&S®EMC32 Measurement Software.

01-Dec-2015 | AN-No. 1SP19

Signal monitoring has proven an effective technique when it comes to identifying and correcting quality problems in transmitted TV broadcast signals during broadcast operation. For a DVB‑T2 signal using multiple physical layer pipes (multi-PLP), a separate receiver is required to analyze each PLP. The R&S®DVMS digital TV monitoring systems are extremely flexible and can be configured to meet customer's needs – from sequential PLP monitoring systems with a single receiver to systems providing seamless, parallel multi-PLP analysis.

24-Jul-2012

The MFIA impedance analyzer – a multipurpose instrument for R&D and quality control – can be used to measure the ESR and ESL of DC-link capacitors over a wide frequency range.

04-Sep-2024

The R&S®SMBV100A vector signal generator offers a remote emulation feature that makes it possible to control the instrument by commands other than the built-in native SCPI commands. This feature allows the user to replace signal generators, e.g. from other manufacturers, with the R&S®SMBV100A without having to change the remote control code. This application note describes how to use the remote emulation feature in general. Furthermore, it describes in detail the remote emulation for each supported instrument, limitations of the individual emulations and the remaining differences between the emulated and the original commands.

11-Oct-2016 | AN-No. 1GP91

With a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope

13-Aug-2024

This application note describes three ways of generating multicarrier signals with high dynamic range for testing power amplifiers of 3GPP radio base stations. The corresponding sets of waveform (*.wv) files are delivered with this application note. The WinIQSIM™ software is used to download these files to the signal generator(s).Tips for optimizing spectrum analyzer settings in order to measure the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) are given.

17-Feb-2005 | AN-No. 1MA48

Test time is a critical parameter when it comes to evaluating the cost of test.This application note describes typical spectrum analyzer measurements in production environments and discusses different approaches to speed them up.

17-Nov-2014 | AN-No. 1EF90

This application note describes the software configuration, system calibration and test routine for EMC measurements according to the EMS standard IEC / EN 61000-4-6.

29-Mar-2007 | AN-No. 1SP33

TDMA communications systems like GSM, DCS 1800 or PCS 1900 make effective use of the frequency spectrum by assigning several subscribers to the same frequency channel. Each subscriber has access to one predefined time slot for transmitting information. With GSM eight subscribers share one frequency channel with a bandwidth of 200 kHz. In order not to disturb the other users of the 200-kHz channel it has to be ensured that, for instance, a mobile sends in the assigned time slot only and that no power is emitted by the transmitter at other times. For this reason the transmitter power is practically switched off in the transmission intervals.

16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF18

Batteries are dynamic energy sources that diverge from ideal voltage sources. The R&S®NGM-K106 battery simulation option recreates battery models on the R&S®NGM200/NGU201 does far more than standard models.

02-May-2023

The sweep tool has several R&S®NGU source measure unit functions for characterizing semiconductors.

02-May-2023

Energy efficiency of RF Frontends (RFFE), especially transmitters, continues to gain greater prominence.Meeting the efficiency challenge is increasingly difficult at higher operating frequencies and bandwidths, such as those proposed for 5G.There is a group of transmitter RFFE architectures whose signal output is constructed from two, or more, efficiently generated components. This signal construction in effect, means that such architectures use predictive, post-correction linearization. Their predictive nature enables distortion to be completely eliminated.The capabilities of multi-channel signal synthesis setups with R&S®SMW200A, in combination with the R&S®FSW analyzer enable measurement, hence development, of these types of transmitters.The document focusses on devices for the 3.5 GHz NR (5G New Radio) candidate band, but its findings are equally applicable to developments and measurements for, for example, K-band satellite applications or mmW NR candidate bands, where efficiency is an even more crucial design target.

01-Aug-2017 | AN-No. 1MA289

Modern mobile phones can support cellular and noncellular wireless communications standards at the same time. This means, however, that the subsystems must operate in very close proximity to each other within a single device (in-device coexistence). The resulting high level of reciprocal leakage can at times cause considerable interference.This application note employs preliminary theoretical analysis and demonstrates how the problems of indevice coexistence can be measured. For german version please visit .

28-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA255

This application note discusses the use of the WOOSHCOM® DHEI output interface adapter (model 3010), which converts the transport stream from DHEI format into DVB-ASI. Further processing and analysis of the transport stream signal then becomes available with any of the Rohde & Schwarz Test & Measurement instruments. It also describes how to extract an unencrypted transport streams out of a Motorola IRT.

08-Jun-2004 | AN-No. 7BM40

Voice over IP for air traffic control

21-Nov-2014

The R&S®RTO oscilloscope is a valuable tool for analyzing EMI problems in electronic designs. High input sensitivity, high dynamic range and a powerful FFT implementation are key features for capturing and analyzing unwanted emissions.

27-Jun-2018

In accelerator physics, pulsed signals frequently need to be measured. The digital trigger and low noise frontend of the R&S®RTO/RTP digital oscilloscope make it possible to perform the high precision measurements needed to characterize the experimental setup. Several measurement functions specially developed for accelerator physics labs support detailed signal analysis.

17-Dec-2013

This application note illustrates the upgrade from the available wireless TV standard ATSC to its expansion ATSC Mobile DTV described in the new standard A/153 (ATSCM/H), in which Rohde & Schwarz has played a major development role. An upgrade package makes it possible to efficiently extend existing ATSC infrastructures for ATSC Mobile DTV services. A central component of the ATSC Mobile DTV equipment is the R&S®AEM100 multiplexer. Together with the R&S®AVE264 H.264 Encoders, digital TV exciter (R&S®SX800) and Transmitters, it forms a complete ATSCM/H system.

22-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 7EB02

This Application Note provides guidance on using the “Intermodulation Wizard” through an example measurement.

27-Mar-2013 | AN-No. 1EZ63

The vector signal generators and GNSS simulators R&S®SMW200A and R&S®SMBV100B are remote-controllable in realtime and can therefore be implemented into a dynamic HIL environment. The HIL simulator can dictate position coordinates, kinetic parameters, and vehicle attitude information based upon which the R&S® GNSS simulator updates the simulated receiver movement in realtime. This application note presents background information and details about operating a R&S® GNSS simulator in HIL applications.

14-Apr-2020 | AN-No. 1GP102

Oscilloscopes are increasingly used to analyze pulsed signals such as radar signals for aerospace and defence as well as automotive applications. The oscilloscopes’ wide analysis bandwidth and manifold trigger capabilities, make them a good fit for the increasing demand for higher bandwidths and accurate signal detection in these applications. R&S®VSE vector signal explorer software is a powerful tool for comprehensive analysis of a variety of signals, providing full support to the Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope advanced trigger system. Adjusting the trigger settings enables pulses and pulse sequences to be isolated and run full pulse analysis using the R&S®VSE vector signal explorer software.

03-Feb-2021

More and more mobile radio networks implement remote radio equipment (RE) that is connected to the base station main unit via a digital interface using standardized transmission protocols such as CPRI. For testing RE devices Rohde & Schwarz offers a complete test solution based on the R&S®EX-IQ-BOX [Model K04]. This key component is a configurable digital interface module that is used to connect Rohde & Schwarz test equipment to a RE under test using CPRI data transmission. This application note explains in detail the instrument setup and configuration needed to successfully test your remote radio head.

05-Aug-2013 | AN-No. 1GP78

This application note shows how to perform user equipment (UE) receiver tests, such as block error rate (BLER) and throughput tests, under fading conditions with the R&S®CMW500 RF tester and the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator in LTE(-A), W-CDMA (HSPA+), TD-SCDMA, GSM (GRPS and EGPRS(2)), CDMA2000 and 1xEV-DO.

03-Nov-2015 | AN-No. 1MA194

To quantify uncertainties for network analyzer measurements, the influence of the entire system (network analyzer plus test setup and DUT) has to be taken into account. Usually, the overall uncertainty of the complete measurement setup is determined with the aid of a verification kit, containing highly accurate verification standards. Of course, the verification standards need to have the same connector type as the DUT. If such verification standards are not available, the overall error has to be estimated.

28-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ29

Present-day sound studios are hardly conceivable without A/D converters. A/D converters are essential components when music is recorded and they directly influence the recording quality. The current Application Note describes a test program permitting automatic measurements of all parameters of sound studio equipment with the aid of Audio Analyzers UPD or UPL. Measuring converter chips with mostly serial interfaces that are not to standard are not the subject of this Application Note.

26-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1GA30

Voice over IP for air traffic control

17-Jun-2013

Filter tuning has never been easier and faster. SynMatrix advanced computer-aided tuning enables real time filter optimization in an easy guided process using the R&S®ZNB, R&S®ZND and R&S®ZNL vector network analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz. The SynMatrix solution provides a feature-rich GUI for R&D and lab use, as well as a simplified version for production applications.

02-May-2024