The LTE technology as specified within 3GPP Release 8 was first commercially deployed by end 2009. Since then the number of commercial networks is strongly increasing around the globe. LTE has become the fastest developing mobile system technology. As other cellular technologies LTE is continuously worked on in terms of improvements. 3GPP groups added technology components into so called releases. Initial enhancements were included in 3GPP Release 9, followed by more significant improvements in 3GPP Release 10, also known as LTE-Advanced. Beyond Release 10 a number of different market terms have been used. However 3GPP reaffirmed that the naming for the technology family and its evolution continues to be covered by the term LTE-Advanced. I.e. LTE-Advanced remains the correct description for specifications defined from Release 10 onwards, including 3GPP Release 12. This white paper summarizes improvements specified in 3GPP Release 11.

09-Jul-2013 | AN-No. 1MA232

In environments such as mobile use as well as in service shops and education, spectrum analyzers with dedicated built-in pulsed-signal analysis features are often not available. This paper describes the smartphone app Pulsed RF Calculator that aids in finding the right choice of spectrum analyzer settings to calculate the so-called pulse desensitization for manual compensation of pulsed signal amplitudes. Automatic compensation and many other features necessary for in-depth pulsed signal analysis require the use of dedicated functionalities and are outside the scope of this app.

24-Sep-2015 | AN-No. 1MA240

1xEvolution – Data Optimized (1xEV-DO)is a 3GPP2 “cdma2000® High Rate PacketData Air Interface” specification. Since its introduction (Release 0), Revisions A and B have brought improvements in the data throughput in both directions and in the overall network capacity. This white paper presents the Revision A and B concepts for 1xEV-DO and explains key features.

23-Sep-2013 | AN-No. 1MA213

This Application Note describes the differences in intermodulation distortion measurements between traditional spectrum analyzers with analog narrow-band IF signal path and modern spectrum analyzers using a wide-band IF signal path and digital RBW filters.

02-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1EF79

Version 1.3.1 of the DVB-T2 standard ETSI 302 755 introduced the T2-Lite profile to ease the implementation of mobile TV services. This was achieved by minimizing the complexity of the required receiver and allowing side-by-side integration into existing conventional (T2-Base) DVB-T2 channels. For the purposes of testing the compatibility and performance of receiver modules, this application note describes how this type of composite T2-Base/T2-Lite RF signal can be simulated using one R&S®BTC or alternatively two instruments from the family of broadcast signal generators comprised of the R&S®SFU, R&S®SFE, R&S®SFE100 and R&S®SFC. Only one corresponding multiple profile T2-MI stream is required, either in the form of a file or via an external gateway.

03-Feb-2014 | AN-No. 7BM81

Broadcasting transmitters are subject to particularly stringent standards with respect to broadcast signal quality, because even small faults can lead to service disruptions for many viewers. A single instrument, the R&S®ETL TV analyzer, performs all required ATSC transmitter measurements, from the initial acceptance testing for the transmitter, to measurements performed during commis-sioning and preventive maintenance.

13-May-2013 | AN-No. 7BM102

Assure voice quality in line with ED-136 requirements and quickly identifies any deviations

21-Feb-2019

The measurement speed for spurious signal measurements is mainly defined by the spectrum analyzer sweep speed. With traditional swept spectrum analyzers and tight spurious limits the measurement can easily take hours or even a full day. This application note describes the differences in sweep speed between swept spectrum analyzers and modern spectrum analyzers with a wide-band FFT process, and how this improves the measurement speed for general spurious measurement.

10-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1EF80

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM21

The DTV recorder generator DVRG is a useful tool for recording and replaying MPEG2 transport streams in addition to uncompressed video (ITU -R B.T. 601).[[ br />Due to their length and data rate the streams can become very large and might not be able to transfer through the internal CD-R drive. This application note describes how a Microsoft network can be setup for a quick file transfer and remote operation of DVRG.

24-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 7BM07

The MHL standard specifies the transmission of high-definition audio and video data on five individual lines, as well as the exchange of bidirectional control information and the supply of power from the sink to the source. Over 200 million portable CE devices - such as mobile phones, tablet PCs and cameras - already use this interface to present content onto larger screens. To ensure functionality and interoperability, every new MHL-capable device must, before entering the market, undergo thorough tests at an authorized test center (ATC) in line with the compliance test specification (CTS) issued by the MHL Consortium. This application note provides an overview of the MHL technology and also describes the Rohde & Schwarz compliance test solution for the system part of the current MHL2.0 standard version.

14-May-2013 | AN-No. 7BM83

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM18

This white paper describes the basic functionality of antennas. Starting with Hertz's Antenna model followed by a short introduction to the fundamentals of wave propagation, the important general characteristics of an antenna and its associated parameters are explained. A more detailed explanation of the functionality of some selected antenna types concludes this white paper.

04-Nov-2014 | AN-No. 8GE01

With the test setup described, specific auxiliary data can inserted into the MPEG-2 transport streams for testing Set-Top Boxes for MHP and SSU. MHP (Multimedia Home Platform) applications can be added to the MHP test configuration and tested on the receiver, with the SSU configuration software updates of Settop Boxes can be performed according to TS 102 006.

09-Aug-2004 | AN-No. FTK02

This program applies to SFQs which are equipped with the first generation of noise generators (Var 02) and with FW version 1.24 or higher. [[ br /> One of the most important measurements of DVB systems concern noise margins. The C/N signal produced by the SFQ needs to be as accurate as possible. [[ br /> The present application note is intended to this purpose, with a special calibration process.

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM08

This Application Note describes the operating principle of DME (Distance Measurement Equipment) that is used for distance measurement in aviation. It also describes various test scenarios for the maintenance of a DME transponder. These tests require an R&S®SMA100A signal generator with R&S®SMA-K26 DME modulation option, and an R&S®NRP-Z81 wideband power sensor.

26-Feb-2009 | AN-No. 1GP74

For several years, automobile makers and government agencies have sought ways to improve safety on roadways and effectively manage traffic flow. As wireless communication systems are advancing, the vision of automobiles talking to each other and to roadside units is becoming a reality. These planned automotive wireless communication systems are known as ITS (Intelligent Transportation System). This paper will provide an overview of the current status of the ITS worldwide with a focus on the IEEE 802.11p PHY. Additionally, the paper provides information on test and measurement solutions for devices and components used in ITS.

23-Jan-2014 | AN-No. 1MA152

This white paper summarizes significant additional technology components based on LTE, which are included in 3GPP Release 12 specifications. The LTE technology as specified within 3GPP Release 8 was first commercially deployed by end 2009. Since then the number of commercial networks is strongly increasing around the globe. LTE has become the fastest developing mobile system technology ever. As other cellular technologies LTE is continuously worked on in terms of improvements. 3GPP groups added technology components according to so called releases. Initial enhancements were included in 3GPP Release 9, followed by more significant improvements in 3GPP Release 10, also known as LTE-Advanced. Beyond Release 10 a number of different market terms have been used. However 3GPP reaffirmed that the naming for the technology family and its evolution continues to be covered by the term LTE-Advanced. Therefore LTE-Advanced remains the correct description for specifications defined from Release 10 onwards, including 3GPP Release 12.

04-Aug-2015 | AN-No. 1MA252

All digital oscilloscopes are temporarily blind. During this blind time the user will miss critical signal events at his device under test. Thus, it is necessary to understand the impact of blind time to the measurement. This application note explains the background of blind time and points out why a high acquisition rate is important. It furthermore explains the R&S RTO oscilloscope capabilities and how they help for faster debugging, measurement and analysis.

17-May-2011 | AN-No. 1ER02

Rohde & Schwarz test receivers of the ESXS, ESS and ESXN series are equipped with a 3.5' floppy-disk drive so that receiver settings, scan results, limit lines, transducer factors and whole sets of transducers can be stored on a floppy disk and reloaded into the receiver. Data can only be loaded into the receiver type from which they have been stored. The reason is that data eg from an ESHS30, which operates in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 30 Hz, should not be loaded into an ESVS30 as the data of the two units may be incompatible to because of the different frequency ranges alone (ESVS30: 20 MHz to 1000 MHz). However, in some cases it may be desirable to load an ESVS20 file into an ESVS30, or an ESN file into an ESVN40.

18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE19

1SP01 Production Produktionstestsysteme- Funktionstest von Businesstelefonen Produktionstestsysteme- Funktionstest von Businesstelefonen 1SP01 Production Produktionstestsysteme- Funktionstest von Businesstelefonen

08-Apr-2002 | AN-No. 1SP01

The Radiocommunication Tester CRTx can be used to test various aspects of GSM based mobile telephones. For this, a large number of testcases written in accordance with the GSM Rec. 11.10-1 are available. These tests are written in Borland C programming language, are supplied as source code, may also be modified by the user and are normally performed manually.

07-Mar-2002 | AN-No. 1CMAN30E

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is an integral part of 3GPP E-UTRA long term evolution (LTE). As part of MIMO, beamforming is also used in LTE. This white paper discusses the basics of beamforming and explains the ten downlink and two uplink MIMO transmission modes in LTE Release 12.

10-Jul-2015 | AN-No. 1MA186

1EF86 LTE, MIMO, LTE-MIMO, RTO1044, SMU200A, K102, K103, K102PC, K103PC This application note describes the possibilities to measure LTE MIMO with the LTE-Software R&S®FS-K102/K103PC in combination with an R&S®RTO1044 oscilloscope. Testing LTE MIMO Signals using a R&S®RTO Oscilloscope 1EF86 LTE, MIMO, LTE-MIMO, RTO1044, SMU200A, K102, K103, K102PC, K103PC This application note describes the possibilities

24-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1EF86

The duration of a measurement in multi evaluation list mode is sensitive to the test setup. This document describes various methods to achieve optimized performance for such measurements. The availability of the methods depends on the CMW500 version.

17-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1CM100

Even with the introduction of HSDPA and HSUPA, evolution of UMTS has not reached its end. To ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond, UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being specified in 3GPP release 8. LTE, which is also known as Evolved UTRA and Evolved UTRAN, provides new physical layer concepts and protocol architecture for UMTS. This application note introduces LTE technology and testing aspects.

14-Sep-2009 | AN-No. 1MA111

A typical application for signal generators and spectrum analyzers is measuring nonlinearities of RF amplifiers. This application note discusses the basics of nonlinearities and describes the nonlinearity measurement using the R&S Value Instruments RF Signal Generator R&S®SMC100A and Spectrum Analyzer R&S®FSC.

20-May-2014 | AN-No. 1MA71

3GPP Release 9 Technical Specification (TS) 37.141 covers multistandard radio base station conformance testing. Multistandard radio includes four standards of mobile communications: GSM, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, and LTE. This application note introduces the concept of multistandard radio base stations as well as solutions for transmitter and receiver tests based on Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and Rohde & Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers.

06-Jul-2012 | AN-No. 1MA198

All models of the receiver family ESXS are equipped with a remote-control interface to IEC 625-2 (IEEE 488.2). Via this bus almost all instrument settings can be effected, measurements triggered and test results read in by the PC.

18-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EE05

This application note describes how to characterize RMS jitter with the R&S FSUP signal source analyzer. The instrument can distinguish random jitter and periodic jitter easily and measure all parameters of interest. New feature: A filter function can be used for jitter calculation to simulate the frequency response of the PLL in the DUT.

05-Apr-2011 | AN-No. 1EF71