The CMD 57/59 output level for BER measurement can be calibrated to high accuracy to match GSM 11.21, (with modulated signals and adjacent timeslots + 50 dB above the used timeslot) using a simple test setup containing an NRVD power meter and an FSE spectrum analyzer.

10-Mar-2000 | AN-No. 1MA24

Introduction to the fundamentals of programming the R&S Smart Instruments Family 300 in different developement environments.

25-Jun-2007 | AN-No. 1MA73

EMI compliance is becoming a major concern for advanced power electronics due to increasing switching speeds. Correlated time-frequency measurements help optimize gate driving and minimize electromagnetic emissions early on during development.

27-Apr-2023

With recent enhancements in semiconductor technology the microwave frequency range beyond 50 GHz becomes more and more attractive especially for wideband communication applications like 802.11ad, microwave links or automotive RADAR. Low phase noise is essential for these applications to work properly. Accurate measurement of phase noise is needed to improve the performance. However, test setups at these frequencies become difficult, especially when cross correlation of two receive paths is needed to suppress additional phase noise added by the local oscillators or mixer stages. Two external harmonic mixers in combination with a commercially available phase noise tester are used for phase noise analysis. Signal sources with frequencies up to 500 GHz can theoretically be measured with this setup.

05-Feb-2018 | AN-No. 1EF101

The converters offered for the R&S® ZVA family extend the vector network analyzers' frequency range to include the millimeter-wave range (EHF band). This Application Note describes the R&S® ZVA-Z110 converters. They cover the W band (75 GHz to 110 GHz). Several measurement examples are included, explaining in detail how to configure a converter-based vector network analyzer system.

09-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 1EZ55

In digital wireless communication systems one or multiple users are assigned to a physical RF channel. With analog systems only one user per carrier is possible. Output spectrum of the transmitter has to be restricted to the assigned channel in order to avoid interference with the neighbor channels. With the switch over to digital modulation formats more user per channel are possible. They share one channel by using only part of the time for transmission (Time Division Multiplex Access, TDMA) or by coding the transmission by orthogonal sequences for distinction to other users (Code Division Multiples Access, CDMA). Beneath the restriction of modulation spectrum with TDMA systems also time behavior of the transmitted signal is critical. One reason is that in a multi-user situation only one user is allowed to transmit within his assigned time slots. Another reason is that by switching a carrier on and off spectrum of the transmitter splatters and causes additional interference in other RF channels.

17-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF32

Rapid and accurate verification of beamforming weights is required for example, for codebook generation or beamforming algorithm development or verification. This document describes the unique application of Rohde & Schwarz VNA (Vector Network Analyzers) to fully characterize the passive part of multi-element antennas intended for beamforming.A range of R&S VNA models are optionally equipped with multiple independent sources, whose relative amplitude and phase may be arbitrarily controlled ("defined coherence mode"), in addition to frequency and true time delay. These sources may be connected to individual elements of a multi-element antenna to derive and verify transmit (Tx) mode beamsteering and beamforming operation.The R&S®ZVA in "Defined Coherence Mode" can electronically be switched to / from the conventional S-parameter mode. Therefore, Sparameter and beamforming measurements may be performed efficiently within a single connection cycle of the antenna.Multiple VNA may be daisy-chained, to extend the concept shown to support an arbitrary number of ports.The R&S®Quickstep sequencing software may be downloaded from:https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/software/quickstep/

20-Mar-2017 | AN-No. 1MA278

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM10

The R&S®QPS millimeterwave security scanner delivers the most accurate measurement results in 1.5 to 2.5 s. The instantaneous scan requires only 64 ms, or five times faster than the blink of an eye, virtually eliminating the ambiguous readings that occur due to accidental movement with the longer scan time of other imaging technology.

22-Jan-2019

High-precision two-quadrant power supplies generate current profiles and simulate batteries

10-Dec-2020

The R&S®NRP2 power meter offers a remote emulation feature that makes it possible to control the instrument by commands other than the built-in native SCPI commands. This feature allows the user to replace power meters, e.g. from other manufacturers, with the R&S®NRP2 power meter without having to change the remote control code. This application note describes how to use the remote emulation feature in general. Furthermore, it describes in detail the remote emulation for each supported instrument, limitations of the individual emulations and the remaining differences between the emulated and the original commands.

28-Feb-2012 | AN-No. 1GP83

What are the two key benefits of oscilloscopes with deep acquisition memory?

13-Dec-2017

Trace minimum hold function with the R&S®MNT100, R&S®PR200, R&S®PR100 and R&S®DDF007

15-Jul-2019

3GPP TS36.141 defines conformance tests for EUTRA base stations (eNodeB). Release 14 (LTEAdvanced Pro) added several tests, such as those for enhanced Licensed Assisted Access (eLAA).This application note describes how all required performance tests (TS36.141 Chapter 8) can be performed quickly and easily by using vector signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz.Examples illustrate the manual operation. A free software program enables and demonstrates remote operation.The LTE base station transmitter (Tx) tests (TS36.141 Chapter 6) are described in Application Note 1MA154.The LTE base station receiver (Rx) tests (TS36.141 Chapter 7) are described in Application Note 1MA195.

11-May-2016 | AN-No. 1MA162

RF performance measurements for Wi-Fi 7.

30-May-2022

CST® Filter Designer 3D, which is part of the CST Studio Suite® simulation software from Dassault Systèmes, is a complete synthesis tool for filters and diplexers. It provides a range of solutions throughout the design process of coupled resonator filters and even beyond with its VNA based tuning capability. CST Filter Designer 3D assists in tuning filter hardware, significantly reducing the time for optimizing a device to meet the expected specifications. An attractive instrument to obtain fast data reading for realtime filter tuning is the R&S®ZNB vector network analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz.

27-Nov-2019

The new buffer analysis feature was introduced with firmware version 2.80 for the R&S DVM family. This application note describes this feature and explains how it represents a valuable asset to your daily business operations This application note first provides background information and then explains how monitoring and measurement have been implemented in the R&S DVM family.

23-Mar-2006 | AN-No. 7BM53

For A/V devices such as smartphones, tablet PCs, Blu-ray players, set-top boxes and TV sets, the perceived video quality must satisfy very high standards. A/V devices need to hold their own in three main areas:ı Stability (environmental influences, response to source signal disturbances, etc.)ı Performance (switching times, delays)ı Compliance with standards (input and output formats)Any deviations from the expected video and audio output can be automatically and precisely detected with R&S A/V distortion analysis on all common analog and digital interfaces such as HDMI™ and MHL™.This document examines the relevant setups and configurations.

15-Oct-2014 | AN-No. 7BM87

Create and simulate detailed traffic situations for the verification of cellular V2X (C-V2X) connectivity

30-Jun-2022

With the R&S®RTB2000/RTM3000/RTA4000 oscilloscopes, you control and interact remotely via LAN. These oscilloscopes incorporate the USB-based connectivity standard media transfer protocol (MTP).

20-Mar-2017

Simultaneous DL throughput verification and UL transmission testing with the R&S®CMW500

29-Jul-2009

The R&S®SMW200A GNSS simulator offers an easy and convenient way to test your receiver design against a wide variety of potential interferers and jammers. Test cases extend from simple coexistence simulations to complex interference scenarios with localized emitters.

28-Jan-2019

Modulation Analyzers FMA (up to 1.36 GHz) and FMB (up to 5 GHz) are high-grade FM demodulators from Rohde & Schwarz with highly stable synthesizer, low-noise FM demodulator, automatic frequency tuning and fine-tuning, separation of AM from FM,all of which make Analyzers FMA/FMB ideal for phase noise measurements.

03-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1EF15

Polychrome display method with the R&S®PR100, R&S®PR200, R&S®DDF007 and R&S®MNT100

09-Sep-2020

The terrestrial television standard DVB T2 is gaining in significance as a result of the growing scarcity of available frequencies. New systems are being tested in many countries around the world. Other countries have already completed the introductory phase for DVB T2. Broadcasting transmitters are subject to particularly stringent standards with respect to broadcast signal quality, because even small faults can lead to service disruptions for many viewers or even disrupt adjacent channels.A single instrument, the R&S®ETL TV analyzer, performs all required DVB-T2 transmitter measurements, from the initial acceptance testing for the transmitter, to measurements performed during commissioning and preventive maintenance.The measurements described here satisfy many country-specific and customer-specific test specifications. Users need only set the limit values accordingly.

23-Jul-2014 | AN-No. 7BM106

Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting Windows®-based test instrumentation to other computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices. This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to mitigate risks while insuring that instrument performance is not compromised. The paper discusses the use of anti-virus software, with recommended configuration settings. It also outlines how to keep the Windows® XP operating system properly updated through regular installation of OS patches.

04-Oct-2012 | AN-No. 1EF73

The impedance of real-world passive components depends on frequency, signal level and DC bias. This has to be taken into account during circuit design. The R&S®LCX LCR meter is ideal for measuring these dependencies. The R&S®LCX sweep tool is an application program for conveniently performing such sweeps and displaying the results on charts.

17-Mar-2022

The general characterization of complex DUTs such as amplifiers requires the measurement of several parameters. Some may require more than one test device or expensive equipment. Thanks to its versatility, the R&S®ZNL is an economic solution that can characterize a variety of DUTs both via network analysis and spectrum analysis.

17-Dec-2021

An automated test solution based on the R&S®CMW wideband radio communication tester fully supports the new test cases for real-time submeter positioning.

10-Jun-2022

Propagation measurements are indispensable in the planning of digital, cellular mobile radio net-works. To find the optimum sites for the base stations, a mobile test transmitter system simulating the base station is operated from a number of possible locations. The test receiver system is accommodated in a vehicle, which is driven along a test route to perform measurements. The parameters measured, such as level, bit error rate or channel impulse response, provide information on the coverage within the cell. The main problem is to minimize interference caused by multipath propagation in the reception area. The SME offered by Rohde & Schwarz is a universal test generator that can be used as the core of a test transmitter system. The SME generates the GMSK-modulated signals required for GSM propagation measurements in line with the rele-vant standards. Thanks to its low weight of 17 kg it can be carried even to remote sites. Fitted with the new optional DM Memory Extension (SME-B12, in the following referred to as XMEM), the SME is able to store data sequences of up to 8 Mbit which are long enough for receiver measurements with test mobile stations. A suitable test receiver system is for instance a test mobile station for measuring level and bit error rate and the Impulse Response Analyzer PCS from Rohde & Schwarz for measuring the channel impulse response. The present Application Note describes how the XMEM can be loaded with suitable data (test sequence) by the GSM Radiocommunication Test Set CRTP from Rohde & Schwarz and how the SME has to be adjusted for GMSK modulation of these data. First, however, an overview is given of all functions of the XMEM and their operation supplementary to the Operating Manual. Finally, it is explained how the XMEM data can be transferred between PC and SME via the IEEE-488 or RS-232 interface.

01-Jul-1999 | AN-No. 1GPAN14