196 Results
This paper describes the characterization of aluminum electrolytic capacitors specifically used in AC-DC power converter applications. It will be discussed why this capacitor technology is critical regarding lifetime and why it cannot be substituted simply by any another capacitor technology. Different aging effects of the capacitor will be discussed. Usage of the capacitor in different AC-DC converter topologies will be presented. Simulation circuits will be used to analyze the capacitor in more detail before suitable measurements will be performed to demonstrate a real example of a switching-mode power supply (SMPS).After the introduction into the aluminum electrolytic capacitor basics and theory, this paper will also present all important and possible measurements of capacitor parameters, like capacitance, equivalent series resistance (ESR) and ripple current. This includes in-circuit measurement which can be performed with an oscilloscope. An LCR-bridge is used to obtain high accuracy measurements in addition. A comparison between the two measurement methods will be presented. Furthermore, the required measurement hardware for the in-circuit measurements and the bridge measurement will be discussed and presented.Lastly, two different lifetime calculation methods are presented and a real example is used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods.Thanks to Mr. Frank Puhane from Würth eiSos GmbH & Co. KG who provided me with all aluminum electrolytic capacitor samples including the prepared capacitor with build-in temperature sensors to perform all measurements. Furthermore, his great expertise was very beneficial and helpful to create this premium application note.
07-Feb-2023 | AN-No. 1SL388
The R&S®RTO oscilloscope is the perfect solution for measurement applications that require further remote processing.
15-Feb-2018
The R&S®RTO oscilloscope is a valuable tool for analyzing EMI problems in electronic designs.
27-Jun-2018
Measuring the power supply noise rejection (PSNR) requires accurate generation and leveling of artificial, sinusoidal disturbances and measurement of resulting phase-noise and jitter impairments.
30-Sep-2020
In order to clearly visualize and make repeatable measurements on signals with amplitudes of less than 1/100 of a division, and stabilize signals captured over very long periods, the R&S RTO oscilloscope’s powerful combination of measurement and math channel capabilities allows corrective offset adjustments on individual acquisitions more than one hundred times per second.
10-Sep-2015
Setting up complex real-time trigger conditions using the R&S®RTE and R&S®RTO oscilloscopes increases the test coverage and robustness of converter and inverter systems.
10-Aug-2020
Correlated time-frequency measurements help optimize gate driving and minimize electromagnetic emissions early on during development.
27-Apr-2023
Versatile Software Tool for Rohde & Schwarz Instruments
RSCommander is a versatile software tool for a wide range of Rohde & Schwarz spectrum-, network analyzers, signal generators and oscilloscopes. It allows for automatic instrument discovery, making screenshots, reading traces, file transfer and simple script creation.
24-Dec-2017 | AN-No. 1MA074
08-Jun-2022 | Press Releases
Rohde & Schwarz presents its full range of embedded systems test solutions at embedded world 2022Nuremberg will be home to the international embedded industry once again during embedded world Exhibition & Conference. Rohde & Schwarz will be showing its latest test solutions from June 21 to 23, 2022 at booth 4-218 of Nuremberg Exhibition Centre. There, visitors can experience product highlights like the new generation of the R&S RTP high-performance oscilloscope, and they can learn from the Rohde & Schwarz experts about state-of-the art test solutions for all kinds of embedded systems.
Thanks to their multichannel capability, oscilloscopes are ideal for multichannel applications such as the analysis of MIMO, multi-antenna radar and differential high-speed digital signals.
06-May-2020
Measuring RDS(on) with high-definition oscilloscopes - Application Brochure
19-Mar-2015
This document describes a method to separate common-mode and differential-mode separation using two oscilloscope channels. This separation approach works without any additional hardware component.
17-Sep-2020 | AN-No. GFM353
This document describes the use of the R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP to demodulate RF pulses for further measurements and precisely trigger on and analyze RF pulses.
13-Mar-2019
Automated measurement functions in combination with track functionality make it easier to analyze single events and reveal “long-term” variations.
29-Nov-2018
The R&S®RTO/RTP is perfect for precise measurements in many accelerator physics lab applications, such as in synchrotrons or free electron lasers.
17-Dec-2013
The R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP oscilloscopes are capable of triggering precisely on a pulse as a prerequisite for time domain and frequency domain analysis.
13-Mar-2019
The numerous supply voltages of FPGAs, CPUs and DSPs need to be powered-up in a specific order to ensure reliable operation.
08-Oct-2018
MIPI D-PHY is a low-power, cost-effective physical layer interface, essential in mobile devices and advanced technology systems. It's a high-speed, source-synchronous interface used in smartphone cameras, smartwatch displays, drones, in-car entertainment, automobile cameras, and radar sensors. This application note explores MIPI D-PHY's features, functionality, and testing practices for device compliance, addressing common issues. It highlights Rohde & Schwarz's equipment for ensuring compatibility and solving issues with MIPI D-PHY, aligned with MIPI D-PHY specification version 2.5.Developed by the MIPI Alliance, D-PHY connects cameras and displays to a host processor via CSI-2 or DSI protocols. It features a master-slave, asymmetrical design for reduced link complexity. Key aspects include a unidirectional clock, optional data signal directions, different data rates for half-duplex operation, point-to-point communication, and high-speed (HS) and low-power (LP) modes for data transfer and battery preservation. In HS mode, D-PHY uses differential signaling with specific impedance, while in LP mode, it operates in a single-ended manner with high impedance termination.The application note from Rohde & Schwarz provides insights into characterizing and debugging MIPI D-PHY, offering conformance verification with MIPI Alliance standards and protocol decoding options.
31-Jan-2024 | AN-No. 1SL410
This app note provides an introduction into the various jitter components and elucidates the commonly available jitter separation frameworks.
08-Dec-2021 | AN-No. 1SL375
The R&S®RTO digital oscilloscope analyzes RF pulses up to the maximum bandwidth of the instrument used.
09-Nov-2017
LTE beamforming can be accurately tested with one or more R&S®RTO digital oscilloscopes for a 1×2, 1×4 or even a 1×8 MIMO system.
08-Aug-2024
This paper explains how to use the Rohde & Schwarz IVI.NET instrument drivers in a Visual Studio environment.
31-May-2016 | AN-No. 1MA268
The R&S®RTx-K50 option expands the addressable range of interface standards by adding decoding capability for standardized and proprietary Manchester or NRZ coded buses.
19-Oct-2020
How to work with acquired waveform data in Python using the R&S®RTP, R&S®RTO or R&S®RTE.
12-Jan-2022
The R&S®VSE is a powerful tool for comprehensive analysis of a variety of signals, providing full support to the Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope advanced trigger system.
03-Feb-2021
The R&S®RTP/R&S®RTO and R&S®VSE meet the need to verify 5G NR MIMO signals and the signal characteristics of beamforming quickly and coherent.
04-Mar-2020
Characterize radar warning receivers with advanced triggerbased multichannel pulse analysis, using the R&S®VSE-K6A and a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope.
02-Mar-2021
High dynamic range current measurements on IoT devices
01-Oct-2019
It is recommended to use jitter measurement instruments for both the time and frequency domain in order to differentiate between fast and slow moving artifacts.
22-Aug-2017
The R&S RTO / R&S RTE digital oscilloscope is a valuable tool for analyzing EMI problems in electronic designs. High input sensitivity, high dynamic range and a powerful FFT implementation are key features for capturing and analyzing unwanted emissions
26-Feb-2015