The need to properly represent the ever changing complexities of the RF environment across communications, surveillance, electronic support measures (ESM) and signal intelligence system (SIGINT) with the advances of signal complexity and bandwidth, requires an enormous test and measurement effort.Extensive field tests are often applied to verify the performance and capabilities under preferably natural but controlled conditions. This is both costly and requires a great deal of time.RF signal environment generation using Test & Measurement equipment brings field tests into the laboratory, where a controlled, cost-effective and reproducible environment exists. The R&S®Pulse Sequencer software is a versatile tool to generate arbitrary and realistic RF signal scenarios ensuringsystem readiness for the real operational world.This application note introduces the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software, explains several examples that are applicable for research, development, before operational and during life-time test in detail, and guides you through the necessary steps, to generate a self-defined, arbitrary real life RF signal environment.

17-Jan-2017 | AN-No. 1MA288

This application note describes how to detect even small fails in dynamic turn indicators with R&S®AdVISE.

30-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1S006

A great number of measurements have to be performed to determine the quality of FM tuners. This Application Note presents a program that permits these measurements to be carried out in line with DIN EN60315-4.

11-Feb-2003 | AN-No. 1GA43

The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer with the R&S®FSW-K160R realtime option enables wideband signal analysis and high probability of intercept.

04-Jun-2013

In addition to the main function, power electronic circuits very often have to provide other essential functions such as interfacing with submodules to fulfill system design requirements. Power designs therefore include bus communications in combination with a microcontroller. This can easily lead to more complex designs that may have a negative impact on the conducted emission measurements. Sometimes these auxiliary functions generate emissions infrequently, making it challenging to locate and isolate the root cause. An instrument with a very fast FFT analysis capability is essential to find infrequent events efficiently.

03-Mar-2023

Automated testing against the Chinese national GNSS test standard (GB/T 45086.1‑2024) with R&S®CMWrun sequencer software and the R&S®SMBV100B vector signal generator

20-Feb-2025

Voice over IP for air traffic control

19-Nov-2012

This application note provides information how to perform spectral emissionmeasurements on pulsed signals with spectrum analyzers using RBW filters with verywide bandwidth, and explains the capabilities and the limiting factors of the Rohde &Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement.

06-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1EF106

The R&S®BTC broadcast test center generates DVB-C2 signals for receiver tests with a variety of simulated interference types. The selection tests stipulated by the DVB Project require a cable TV network with full channel load. Combining the R&S®BTC broadcast test center and the R&S®CLG cable load generator makes it quick and easy to create a flexible cable TV network with full channel load and to simulate all types of realistic interference, permitting tests in accordance with DVB.

30-Jul-2013 | AN-No. 7BM88

The R&S®SITLine ETH provides certified cryptography to safeguard data communications within Hitachi file and content systems.

27-Jan-2014

Measuring efficiency with highest accuracy

02-Jun-2020

Integrating automotive radar sensors into cars is very challenging. Radars operate behind bumpers, design emblems, in side mirrors or other plastic parts of the car. All radome materials need to be sufficiently transparent and homogeneous for automotive radars, which operate in the 77 GHz and 79 GHz band or even both simultaneously. The new system measures, visualizes and analyzes radar radomes in a manner you have never seen before. Optimize your radome material for best performance and effective integration of modern automotive radar sensors.

27-Aug-2019

This document presents a simple procedure for network analysis that is more cost-effective than the use of scalar network analyzers. It allows the accurate measurement of the transmission characteristics of filters, amplifiers and frequency converters over a large frequency and dynamic range. In order to reach very high measurement speeds, Rohde & Schwarz signal generators are operated in 'List Mode', and Rohde & Schwarz power meters are operated in 'Buffered Mode.' The required programming for the signal gene­rator and the power meter is illustrated by excerpts from a Visual Basic program which is available, free of charge, upon request.

14-Jul-2006 | AN-No. 1MA101

Long acquisitions at maximum resolution with the history function

01-Dec-2017

Communications and information sharing are key success factors for military operations. Ever increasing number of remotely operated systems, sensors and distributed systems. Coordinating and controlling all these moving parts requires wireless communications, but the electromagnetic spectrum is becoming more and more congested. Spectrum superiority ensures reliable communications when and where it is needed.

25-Oct-2024

How to configure generic devices in R&S®ELEKTRA

R&S®ELEKTRA is able to communicate with many devices. Still, it is impossible to integrate drivers for all devices. Hence, R&S®ELEKTRA offers the possibility to integrate any device by configuring a generic driver. The configuration file contains commands that translate the language of the device for R&S®ELEKTRA and vice versa.

04-May-2023 | AN-No. 1SL398

This application note describes how to test and perform (E)GPRS-related measurements on mobile phones in compliance with the GSM standard using the R&S CMU200 by means of remote-control or manual operation.

07-Sep-2004 | AN-No. 1CM52

Testing multi carrier power amplifiers of the 3rd Generation requires test signals with a high dynamic range. This application note describes how a 4 carrier 3G WCDMA signal can be generated and measured with the application software SET_MC4. The software sets up to 4 SMIQ03HDs to generate the signal, and an FSU or FSQ to immediately evaluate and analyze the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) of the power amplifier. The setups are controlled remotely.The SET_MC4 source code is also included. Modify the code to meet your individual requirements or adopt the IEEE-commands into your own setup script.

13-Dec-2002 | AN-No. 1MA62

After a communications satellite is on its target orbit, several routines need to be performed in order to ensure proper performance from the transponders in the payload. The on-orbit measurements are a vital part of the maintenance of a live satellite as well. Operating a satellite channel for an on-orbit measurement rather than the intended application comes with significant opportunity cost and hence test duration needs to be minimized as much as possible. Rohde & Schwarz test and measurement equipment recommended in this paper is market leading not only in terms of measurement accuracy but also offers unparalleled speed of measurement. This application note focuses on satellite post-launch or on-orbit measurement and monitoring strategies used for satellite functionality checks when running maintenance routines. A complementary paper treats pre-launch payload measurements.

25-Nov-2016 | AN-No. 1MA263

Automatic functional testing of roof antennas

05-Jul-2007

More and more everyday items such as household appliances, vehicles, lights, etc. are now connected to the Internet, forming what is known as the "Internet of Things". Even clothing with sewn-in sensors to measure vital functions can now connect to the Internet and transmit data to cloud services. These different things use a variety of wireless technology standards to establish a connection. Due to its popularity, one of the most important standards is Bluetooth (or Bluetooth Low Energy). Before a new product with Bluetooth functionality can be launched, the qualification process defined by the Bluetooth SIG must be successfully completed. To save time and money, performance tests need to be performed in the development stage. This application note describes how to use the R&S CMW platform to perform the measurements defined in Bluetooth test specification version 5. As an alternative solution, we also cover how to perform almost all of the measurements with a spectrum analyzer and signal generator.The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Rohde & Schwarz is under license.

19-Jun-2017 | AN-No. 1MA282

The R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator with the R&S®SMW-K78 radar echo generation option tests L-/S-/X-/Ku-band radars up to 40 GHz RF frequency more flexibly than ever before. Since it allows the object range, radial velocity and radar cross section (RCS) of radar echo signals to be configured, it is ideal for radar development, maintenance and training.

08-Sep-2016

Rohde & Schwarz presents a customizable solution for testing barometric performance to ensure z-axis accuracy in line with FCC regulations.

24-Jun-2021

The DVB-H standard is a specification for bringing television broadcast services to handheld receivers. In order to save battery power, data for a specific service is transmitted in short bursts. This type of transmission utilizes special techniques within the transport stream. The R&S DVM offers a wide range of functions to analyze the characteristics of the DVB-H transport stream. This document describes the characteristics of the DVB-H transport stream and shows how the R&S DVM can be used for efficient analysis in research and development, production, and broadcasting.

04-Jul-2006 | AN-No. 7BM59

The R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer offers a dynamic range that is unbeatable on the market. This kind of sensitivity unlocks potential applications that previously could not be addressed with a vector network analyzer.

07-Jan-2019

Using R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool

The R&S®ELEKTRA EMC test software is the successor of the R&S®EMC32 EMC measurement software. Like the R&S®EMC32 EMC measurement software, the R&S®ELEKTRA offers a solution that controls complete EMC systems and automates measurements on equipment under test (EUT) that is being tested for emissions (EMI) and immunity (EMS) compliance. It has more features and test types compared to R&S®EMC32.As both software platforms use different file formats, R&S®EMC32 users who upgrade their existing software to the R&S®ELEKTRA platform need to perform a file conversion before migrating their data to the R&S®ELEKTRA platform. This is done by using the R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool, which is installed automatically with each R&S®ELEKTRA installation.This Application Note describes how to use the R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool (version 4.4 onwards) for converting the backup data into the XML format that can be interpreted by the R&S®ELEKTRA software. It also provides recommended conversion steps (Chapter 5) and troubleshooting tips (Chapter 6). For instructions on migrating the data using R&S®ELEKTRA Migration Tool below version 4.4, refer to the R&S®ELEKTRA user manual. For better user experience, we recommend using the latest software version for migration.This Application Note does not describe the steps to backup data using the R&S®EMC32 or R&S®ES-SCAN software. For procedures on how to do so, refer to their respective manuals.

04-May-2023 | AN-No. 1SL396

The R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator combined with the R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer offers fast and simple power amplifier testing including envelope tracking and digital predistortion, effectively replacing complex test setups.

22-Feb-2015

This application note describes how the most important fading tests for mobile phonesin all GSM frequency bands can be carried out cost-effectively using a combination of a CRTP/C02 Radiocommunication Tester and SMIQ Signal Generator.

23-May-2000 | AN-No. 1MA19

eCall is deployed in Europe and is required by law in new cars as of March 2018. Next generation eCall (NG eCall) is built on LTE and 5G.

06-Jun-2018

This application note describes how to generate test signals with Rohde & Schwarz signal generators of the R&S® SMx family (R&S®SMA100A, R&S®SMF100A, R&S®SML, R&S®SMT, and R&S®SMIQ) to perform interference testing on implantable medical devices using a small application software.

15-Jul-2009 | AN-No. RCS0812-0065