High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) optimize UMTS for packet data services in the downlink and uplink, respectively. Together, they are referred to as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). Within 3GPP Release 7, 8, 9 and 10, further improvements to HSPA have been specified in the context of HSPA+ or HSPA evolution. This Application Note describes how HSPA+ features can be tested using Rohde & Schwarz instruments.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA121

Frequency allocation plans are under discussion in the US and Europe to open the lower C band for 5G applications. This portion of the spectrum provides 5G with more bandwidth than conventional lower mobile frequency bands and is contiguous while the C band is actually in use for satellite downlinks to satellite earth stations (SES).

18-Mar-2019

Analyzing RF pulses is a key aspect of pulsed radar applications, e.g. in air traffic control (ATC), maritime radar or scientific measurements of the ionosphere. Analyzing the envelope and the modulation of the pulse is essential, because they contain important information to characterize the application. The R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP oscilloscopes are capable of triggering precisely on a pulse as a prerequisite for time domain and frequency domain analysis. This document describes the use of the R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP to trigger exactly on pulses in preparation for further in-depth measurements such as RF pulse measurements on an ATC signal.

13-Mar-2019

A lack of lip synchronicity is an effect that can severely impair the quality of TV reception. With modern digital signal processing, this audio-to-video delay occurs much more often than in earlier times when analog signal generation was used. The total delay can reach several hundred milliseconds, which is immediately noticeable on a TV home receiver. To prevent such impair-ments, the audio-to-video delay must be measured.

27-Aug-2002 | AN-No. 7BM44

This application note describes Methods of Implementation (MOI) for precise, fast, and error-free compliance testing of USB Type-C to Type-C cable assemblies supporting USB4 Gen3, USB4 Gen2, USB 3.2 Gen2, USB3.2 Gen1, and USB2.0.

30-Nov-2023 | AN-No. 1SL405

The R&S spectrum analyzers and signal analyzers offer an additional equalizer filter in the Vector Signal Analysis Application Firmware R&S FSQ-K70/FSx-B73, which is a powerful tool for measurement and analysis of vector-modulated signals. This application note describes the functionality of the equalizer filter and how to set the filter parameter manually in an accurate and fast way.

06-Feb-2009 | AN-No. 1EF61

With the R&S®Pulse Sequencer radar simulation software, users can easily and intuitively create scenarios for simulation of angle of arrival (AoA). Together with multiple coupled R&S®SMW200A vector signal generators, this solution allows quick and thorough performance characterization of all types of direction finding equipment such as devices that use amplitude comparison, interferometric or time difference of arrival (TDOA) techniques. This document describes our test solution for testing devices that use amplitude comparison techniques.

02-Apr-2020

Spectrum clearance in mobile networks is becoming ever more important as operators use new bands that previously contained other services. This is particularly important for the 5G NR rollout. 5G NR has already initiated a worldwide deployment of TDD networks in an unknown radio environment where unwanted transmitters can create uplink interference masked by downlink signals, making interference hunting particularly demanding. Automated detection of interference signals before a network switches on can be a big help in addition to traditional manual techniques.

19-Apr-2024

The Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMU200 can be configured to perform packet data testing in a Mobile IP or Simple IP environment. This application note is intended as a guide to configuring the necessary Mobile IP or Simple IP network elements and R&S®CMU200 instrument for CDMA2000 1xEV-DO.

04-May-2007 | AN-No. 1CM64

Active, high-impedance probes can be connected to spectrum analyzers, providing a practical and highly precise measurement solution to overcome an otherwise cumbersome RF testing issue. This application note provides information on how to use oscilloscope probes in RF measurements using spectrum analyzers.

04-Jul-2023 | AN-No. 1EF116

This application note belongs to a series of application notes which explains how to test EW receivers at RF in the lab with commercial, off-the-shelf signal generators and software. The series will cover all relevant use cases. This application note will discuss threat simulation and verification. Further application notes will address calibration and verification of multi-channel setups for simulation of angle of arrival, generation of radar signals in a hardware in the loop (HIL) environment with PDW Streaming, and automated threat creation and sequencing.

23-Mar-2021 | AN-No. 1GP123

With a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope

19-Jun-2019

Phase difference is the key parameter when characterizing direction finding (DF) scenarios. To analyze DF equipment, the phase difference needs to be determined before measuring other parameters such as the bearing. The R&S®VSE-K6A multichannel pulse analysis software in combination with a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope provides phase difference measurements even in challenging environments, utilizing the test equipment’s advanced trigger capabilities.

02-Mar-2021

The specialized R&S®MULTI-MOTION test sequences offered by the R&S®DVSG Digital Video Signal Generator permit a reproducible quality analysis of deinterlacing and motion portrayal for digital television (TV) displays. This makes it possible to study all potential degradations resulting from the progressive conversion separately. It also allows the various motion artefacts resulting from liquid crystal (LCD), plasma (PDP), and digital micromirror (DMD) technologies to be quantified. This application note explains how to draw specific conclusions from the sequence output on the test display.

01-Dec-2008 | AN-No. 7BM74

TETRA, the TErrestrial Trunked RAdio, is the professional mobile radio standard (PMR) used world wide by governmental safety and security authorities and organizations, as well as by private utilities from energy suppliers through to transport. Rohde & Schwarz provide test instruments idealy suited for both the development and production of TETRA base stations and user equipment, as well as for network planning, network coverage and quality of service, network monitoring and optimization, maintenance, and service. This Application Note shows examples for measurements with R&S instruments covering the entire range of TETRA test requirements.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA189

The Bluetooth® wireless standard has been an unparalleled success. It has found its way into virtually all smartphones, PCs, cars, entertainment hardware and wearables. Bluetooth SIG reports that more than 8 billion devices are currently in use. Bluetooth supports Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and direction finding methods, making it a sure bet for the future as well.This white paper summarizes the various Bluetooth technologies with a focus on the physical layer in line with core specification version 5.1.

05-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1MA108

This application note shows how to use Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and analyzers for testing early 5G New Radio components, chipsets and devices. Methods for easy creation and analysis of custom OFDM are explained. The solution provides● a single user interface for signal generation and analysis configuration● Flexible OFDM configuration and signal generation incl. flexible pilot and data allocation● User defined modulation schemes including complex scenarios, e.g. 5G NR PSS

23-Oct-2017 | AN-No. 1MA308

TS-EMF2 TS-EMF TRD Conversion TRD Conversion TS-EMF2 TS-EMF TRD Conversion

25-Jan-2007 | AN-No. TS-EMF2

The R&S®CMU200 provides the signals required for 2nd order intermodulation (IM2) performance verification for WCDMA / CDMA2000 chipsets with zero IF design.This application note is a guide to configure the R&S®CMU200 for such an application.

16-Dec-2004 | AN-No. 1CM54

Rohde & Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers equipped with the R&S®FSx-K30 option form the basis of a solution to accurately measure the noise figure in the millimeterwave frequency range using the Y-factor method.

17-Jul-2017

Increasing data rates in high-speed digital designs and wireless communications require SerDes PLLs and clock synthesizers with low additive phase noise and high jitter attenuation. Modern designs often follow a two-stage architecture, consisting of a jitter-attenuator and a frequency-synthesizer stage. Due to their high phase noise sensitivity, phase noise analyzers are the instruments of choice for these tests. To stimulate the PLL, an additional signal source with ultra low phase noise is required.

01-Aug-2018

Radar technology is essential for state-of-the art and future vehicles on the path to full autonomous driving. Radar sensors deliver critical information about the surrounding traffic environment or monitor the interior of the vehicle. As safety-relevant parts, radar sensors must adhere to specifications and regulations.

12-Dec-2022

There are proposals for broadband measurements on hearing aids, for example the proposed standard ANSI S3.42. Such measurements are intended to simulate more accurately the behaviour of hearing aids under normal hearing conditions also in the presence of ambient noise. Audio Analyzer UPD fitted with High-Speed Option UPD-B3 makes it possible already now to generate the proposed test signal and to perform all the related measurements including coherence and transfer functions. These measurements may become more and more important in the future but have scarcely been performed up to now as they require highly complex test equipment. Audio Analyzer UPD enables the user to measure to tomorrow’s standards even today.

04-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1GA34

With a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope

25-Sep-2019

The purpose of this document is to provide a step-by-step guidance on how to perform VESA compliance testing on DisplayPort 8k cable assembly.Throughout this Method of Implementation (MOI), procedures will detail how to perform such VESA compliance testing using the R&S® ZNB lineup of Network Analyzers.

19-May-2025 | AN-No. 1SL412

This application note provides information how to perform noise figure measurements under pulsed or bursted conditions with spectrum analyzers and noise sources, and introduce the capabilities of the Rohde & Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement.

28-Jun-2018 | AN-No. 1EF103

The converters offered for the R&S® ZVA family extend the vector network analyzers' frequency range to include the millimeter-wave range (EHF band). This Application Note describes the R&S® ZVA-Z110 converters. They cover the W band (75 GHz to 110 GHz). Several measurement examples are included, explaining in detail how to configure a converter-based vector network analyzer system.

09-Oct-2007 | AN-No. 1EZ55

Digital pre-distortion (DPD) is a common method to linearize the output signal of a power amplifier (PA), which is being operated in its non-linear operating range.The R&S K18D application family offers a very easy-to-use method to pre-distort amplifiers without modelling the DUT.However, many engineers in PA design request a simple and easy-to-use tool that delivers a DPD model applicable to any real-world signal.This application note with the accompanying software tool allows engineers without in-depth knowledge of DPD or remote programming to generate a DPD model and verify it against the DUT, based on the results of the K18D application.

25-Mar-2019 | AN-No. 1EF105

With recent enhancements in semiconductor technology the microwave frequency range beyond 50 GHz becomes more and more attractive especially for wideband communication applications like 802.11ad, microwave links or automotive RADAR. Low phase noise is essential for these applications to work properly. Accurate measurement of phase noise is needed to improve the performance. However, test setups at these frequencies become difficult, especially when cross correlation of two receive paths is needed to suppress additional phase noise added by the local oscillators or mixer stages. Two external harmonic mixers in combination with a commercially available phase noise tester are used for phase noise analysis. Signal sources with frequencies up to 500 GHz can theoretically be measured with this setup.

05-Feb-2018 | AN-No. 1EF101

Rapid and accurate verification of beamforming weights is required for example, for codebook generation or beamforming algorithm development or verification. This document describes the unique application of Rohde & Schwarz VNA (Vector Network Analyzers) to fully characterize the passive part of multi-element antennas intended for beamforming.A range of R&S VNA models are optionally equipped with multiple independent sources, whose relative amplitude and phase may be arbitrarily controlled ("defined coherence mode"), in addition to frequency and true time delay. These sources may be connected to individual elements of a multi-element antenna to derive and verify transmit (Tx) mode beamsteering and beamforming operation.The R&S®ZVA in "Defined Coherence Mode" can electronically be switched to / from the conventional S-parameter mode. Therefore, Sparameter and beamforming measurements may be performed efficiently within a single connection cycle of the antenna.Multiple VNA may be daisy-chained, to extend the concept shown to support an arbitrary number of ports.The R&S®Quickstep sequencing software may be downloaded from:https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/software/quickstep/

20-Mar-2017 | AN-No. 1MA278