This application note helps to understand the measurement uncertainty calculation for a modern spectrum analyzer and provides a tool to calculate the total measurement uncertainty for different measurements.

21-Apr-2010 | AN-No. 1EF63

5G NR Reduced Capabilities (RedCap) network scanning

Purpose of RedCap: RedCap is designed for use cases requiring reasonable data throughput, cost-efficient devices, reduced power consumption and smaller device footprint to support applications like wireless industrial sensors, video surveillance and smart wearables in which ultralow latency isn’t essential.Technology basics: Understanding the technology basics helps facing configuration complexities and avoiding potential coexistence issues with regular 5G.RedCap field verification: New mobile network technology introductions like 5G RedCap benefit from field measurements during their typical life-cycle phases (engineering, network roll-out, and operation).Measurement Techniques: In early phases of new technologies, passive network measurements using network scanners are reliable and effective in detecting actual network and cell configurations.

23-Apr-2024 | AN-No. 8NT13

This application note outlines two different approaches for remote-controlling Rohde & Schwarz instruments out of MathWorks MATLAB:The first one uses VISA connection and direct SCPI commands.The second approach takes advantage of Rohde & Schwarz VXI plug&play instrument drivers and MATLAB Instrument Control Toolbox.

12-Jun-2017 | AN-No. 1MA171

RF components, On-wafer, Early wafer-level qualification, Early wafer-level qualification of RF components ensures quality and saves money On-wafer qualification of RF components RF components, On-wafer, Early wafer-level qualification, Early wafer-level qualification of RF components ensures quality and saves money On-wafer qualification of RF components RF components, On-wafer, Early wafer-level

14-Jul-2022

Today’s complex circuits must integrate several components that feed on different power levels. A robust circuit that ensures interoperability of these components needs carefully designed, clean and stable power distribution networks for power timing. At lower voltage levels, tolerance is defined in percentages and can make precise measurements challenging.

22-Apr-2024

Simultaneous simulation of all important constellations and frequency bands makes the GNSS simulator in the R&S®SMW200A the perfect solution for testing your GNSS receiver in the lab.

11-Sep-2018

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is an integral part of 3GPP E-UTRA long term evolution (LTE). As part of MIMO, beamforming is also used in LTE. This application note provides a brief summary of the transmission modes (TM) in LTE and describes the beamforming measurements for base stations (BS) and user equipment (UE). The T&M options using various Rohde & Schwarz instruments are also presented.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA187

In many applications, circuitries with automatic gain control are used, for example in the fields of tape recording or hearing aids. This application note describes the typical characteristic of these control circuitries and the difficulties in measurements using oscilloscops. With the audio analyzers UPL and UPD these measurements can be done much easier, the analysis can be done manually or automatically by using a special software tool.

04-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1GA32

Compensating external components using their S-parameters and R&S®FSW-K544

18-Mar-2019

Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting test instrumentation to Windows®-based computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to reduce risks while ensuring that instrument performance is not compromised. The paper also discusses the use of anti-virus software in combination with Embedded Linux based instruments.

23-Nov-2016 | AN-No. 1GP112

Test Solutions Based on R&S®CMX500 Platform

The evolution of mobile communication enters 5G New Radio (NR) era with pivotal features. Voice call service is however still considered as an indispensable element for mobile devices and worldwide network operators continue to maintain the voice service for their subscribers. In comparison to other Over-the-Top (OTT) voice services, such as WhatsApp©, Teams© etc., Voice over NR (VoNR) and Voice over LTE (VoLTE) maintain QoS, support well established handover mechanism and emergency call, and do not require to pre-install OTT app on the phone.In order to provide premium voice service and enhance the superb user experience, audio tests on mobile devices are essential before the product launch. Different audio test aspects among which acoustic, functional, performance and field tests need to be considered.This application note describes the performance test with focus on VoNR audio quality measurement via electrical interface of the mobile device. The test solution is based on R&S®CMX500 with its integrated POLQA algorithm.

26-Jul-2023 | AN-No. 1SL401

The following application note describes the function and operation of user menus for FSE Spectrum Analyzers including option Vector Signal Analysis (FSE-B7). For measurements according to the PCS 1900 standard user menus are provided, which perform settings on FSE for Base Station testing required in the standard. The menu and the accompanying setups are stored on a floppy disk. For operation of the menus firmware version 1.40 or higher is required. Option Vector Signal Analysis FSE-B7 has to be installed for the use of the application menu.

17-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF24

This white paper introduces a novel attribute based architecture for VXIplug&play instrument drivers. The presented architecture uses the attribute based concept of IVI-C instrument drivers to introduce a two-layer design for VXIplug&play instrument drivers. Moreover the use of attributes is shown for the Rohde & Schwarz Spectrum Analyzer (rsspecan) instrument driver.

01-Dec-2012 | AN-No. 1MA170

The R&S®ZNB vector network analyzer simplifies instrument configuration and calibration using the mixer measurement wizard and SMARTerCal.

01-Oct-2013

Testing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can be done easily, reliably and cost-efficiently by using the R&S®SMBV100A vector signal generator. This GNSS simulator can generate GPS, Glonass, Galileo, and BeiDou signals for up to 24 satellites in real time.This application note explains how to perform automated receiver tests using the R&S®SMBV100A. The presented tests include TTFF, sensitivity, and location accuracy measurements, moving receiver and interference tests, and many more. Basic remote control examples are provided for the individual tests to ease programming. This application note further includes a short guide for parsing NMEA data.

29-Jul-2014 | AN-No. 1GP86

The amendment 802.11ad to the WLAN standard defines the MAC and PHY layers for very high throughput (VHT) in the 60 GHz range. This application note provides a brief examination of key 802.11ad parameters, describes the required measurements and test setups and contains several important recommendations for over-the-air (OTA) measurements.

17-May-2017 | AN-No. 1MA260

The document gives an overview and user guide about a link budget calculator for the main components of a basic OTA system. The calculator shall guide the user to plan link budgets, especially with respect to SNR requirements for the receive components and the vector signal analyzer. An Excel sheet containing the Link Budget Calculator accompanies the application note.

19-Mar-2019 | AN-No. 1EF104

The R&S®Scope Rider is a modern versatile handheld oscilloscope featuring lab oscilloscope performance in a portable format with the ruggedness of a battery operated handheld device. Its superior performance is the best in its class.

04-Jan-2016

This document describes the direct test mode mechanisms for testing Bluetooth Low Energy devices and explains how the direct test mode connection is established. The R&S CMW uses a USB port for the direct test mode connection while the Equipment under Test (EUT) may provide a USB port, a serial port or even a 2-wire UART interface for this purpose. Installing or assigning the right driver for the EUT is the main configuration task on the R&S CMW. For EUTs with USB port, the R&S CMW provides a Bluetooth Low Energy USB driver which has to be assigned to the connected EUT.

14-Dec-2016 | AN-No. 1C105

The fact that cable TV networks are generally located in densely populated areas or extend over large geographical regions makes the presence of line extenders at regular intervals a necessity. Cascading large numbers of amplifiers however calls for excellent noise, SWR and intermodulation distortion specifications for the integrated amplifiers in order to avoid quality of service dropping below minimum acceptable levels. Composite second order, composite triple beat & cross modulation are commonly used figures to specify the performance of CATV equipment. In this application note we describe how to determine these figures with the aid of R&S SMU200A or AFQ100A and SMV vector signal generators.

11-Aug-2006 | AN-No. RAC-0605-016

Autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles rely on a complex hardware and software architecture to gather and exploit information from numerous radar sensors. To generate reliable data, the sensors require an unobstructed view of the surroundings. The bumpers or radomes mounted in front of the sensors must not impair radar functionality. This requires extensive testing of the deployed plastic parts and their underlying polymer structure. The R&S®QAR50 is the ideal tool to characterize the material properties of polymers and their influence on the quality of the radar signal at an early design stage and in quality control of material development.

24-Jun-2022

Rohde & Schwarz offers a variety of products to fit your testing needs. Here, we present our solution for testing the above-mentioned use cases.

15-Oct-2018

Test, calibrate and verify high-performance automotive radar sensors with the R&S®ATS1500C CATR antenna test system and the R&S®AREG100A automotive radar echo generator.

13-Jan-2020

The R&S®EDST300 efficiently and precisely analyzes TACAN and DME ground stations, making it ideal for commissioning and regular maintenance.

16-Feb-2017

This Application Note describes how to test and perform measurements on mobile phones in compliance with the GSM standard using the R&S®CMU200 by means of the remote-control program CMUgo or manual operation.

24-May-2005 | AN-No. 1CM57

Use of FSE Spectrum Analyzer for adjacent channel power measurements with wideband CDMA signals is explained. Optimum operation is shown by explanation the signal behavior and the internal structure of the FSE. The spectrum analyzer family FSE, featuring a very high dynamic range is an outstanding equipment for this purpose. Up to 73 dB dynamic range are attained.

17-Mar-1998 | AN-No. 1EF40

Thanks to their multichannel capability, oscilloscopes are ideal for multichannel applications such as the analysis of MIMO signals (e.g. 5G NR, WLAN), multi-antenna radar signals and differential high-speed digital signals (e.g. USB 3.x). These applications require the oscilloscope channels to be tightly aligned. This means the channel-to-channel residual skew has to be measured accurately so that it can be compensated. The channel-to-channel phase mismatch is reduced to a minimum, which plays a crucial role in achieving reliable measurement results.

06-May-2020

Three hardware modifications of the option External Measurements ZVR-B25 enable the bidirectional network analyzers of the ZVR-family to carry out 4-port measurements. For the measurements, the four ports PORT 1, PORT 2, INPUT b1 and INPUT b2 at the front panel of the ZVR(E) are utilized. The fifth connector, ie OUTPUT a1, is not required for this purpose. As detailed below, the necessary modifications of the test set of the analyzer are described for the model ZVR. Of course, the modifications can be done in a similar way for the model ZVRE as well.

28-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ25

VCS-4G, secure Communications, VoIP, air traffic contro, EUROCAE, ED‑137, ATC, CERTIUM VCS Rohde & Schwarz solution CERTIUM VCS CERTIUM VCS for remote tower applications VCS-4G, secure Communications, VoIP, air traffic contro, EUROCAE, ED‑137, ATC, CERTIUM VCS Rohde & Schwarz solution CERTIUM VCS CERTIUM VCS for remote tower applications VCS-4G, secure Communications, VoIP, air traffic contro, EUROCAE

24-Jul-2023

Analyzing RF pulses is a key aspect of pulsed radar applications, e.g. in air traffic control (ATC), maritime radar or scientific measurements of the ionosphere. Analyzing the modulation of the pulse is essential, because it contains important information to characterize the application. The R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP oscilloscopes can precisely trigger on and analyze RF pulses. This document describes the use of the R&S®RTO and R&S®RTP to demodulate RF pulses for further measurements.

13-Mar-2019