This application note shows how to use Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and analyzers for testing early 5G New Radio components, chipsets and devices. Methods for easy creation and analysis of custom OFDM are explained. The solution provides● a single user interface for signal generation and analysis configuration● Flexible OFDM configuration and signal generation incl. flexible pilot and data allocation● User defined modulation schemes including complex scenarios, e.g. 5G NR PSS

23-Oct-2017 | AN-No. 1MA308

Spectrum and network analyzers are capable of measuring large amounts of data that require complex mathematical processing; MATLAB is a powerful tool for such operations. This application note describes how instruments can be controlled directly from MATLAB scripts and how measurement data can be imported into MATLAB. Only 32-bit MATLAB is supported.

24-Sep-2007 | AN-No. 1EF46

Over-the-air (OTA) beamforming testing

04-May-2018

conducted conformance testing according to TS 38.141-1, Rel. 15

3GPP defines the Radio Frequency (RF) conformance test methods and requirements for 5G NR Base Stations (BS) in the technical specifications TS 38.141. This application note describes how all mandatory RF receiver tests (TS 38.141-1, chapter 7), according to Release 15, can be performed quickly and conveniently with signal generators from Rohde & Schwarz by either choosing manual operation or a remote control approach. Moreover, one test case requires a signal or spectrum analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz which is highlighted seperately in the corresponding chapter.In Addition, a new Python software library comes with this application note to enable the remote control approach of base station testing. This example requires the RsInstrument module which can be found on pypi.org or installed via 'pip' and is provided as is.

02-Dec-2020 | AN-No. GFM314

The R&S®CMU200 provides the signals required for 2nd order intermodulation (IM2) performance verification for WCDMA / CDMA2000 chipsets with zero IF design.This application note is a guide to configure the R&S®CMU200 for such an application.

16-Dec-2004 | AN-No. 1CM54

Rohde & Schwarz signal and spectrum analyzers equipped with the R&S®FSx-K30 option form the basis of a solution to accurately measure the noise figure in the millimeterwave frequency range using the Y-factor method.

17-Jul-2017

Radar technology is essential for state-of-the art and future vehicles on the path to full autonomous driving. Radar sensors deliver critical information about the surrounding traffic environment or monitor the interior of the vehicle. As safety-relevant parts, radar sensors must adhere to specifications and regulations.

12-Dec-2022

Analysis, 5G FR1 MIMO signals, R&S®NRQ6, R&S®VSE Measurement of the phase difference between the MIMO layers is a challenging task in the design of 5G base stations. However, this measurement and its analysis can be easily accomplished using the R&S®NRQ6 frequency selective power sensor and R&S®VSE signal explorer software. Analysis of 5G FR1 MIMO signals with R&S®NRQ6 and R&S®VSE Analysis, 5G FR1

14-Jan-2022

The CMD 57/59 output level for BER measurement can be calibrated to high accuracy to match GSM 11.21, (with modulated signals and adjacent timeslots + 50 dB above the used timeslot) using a simple test setup containing an NRVD power meter and an FSE spectrum analyzer.

10-Mar-2000 | AN-No. 1MA24

Two R&S®ETL TV analyzers or two R&S®ETC compact TV analyzers are used to measure the receive level of a car antenna against that of a reference antenna. The R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test software exports measured data for display in Google Earth.

19-Feb-2015

Introduction to the fundamentals of programming the R&S Smart Instruments Family 300 in different developement environments.

25-Jun-2007 | AN-No. 1MA73

The R&S®SMF100A microwave signal generator offers a remote emulation feature that makes it possible to control the instrument by commands other than the built-in native SCPI commands. This feature allows the user to replace signal generators, e.g. from other manufacturers, with the R&S®SMF100A without having to change the remote control code. This application note describes how to use the remote emulation feature in general. Furthermore, it describes in detail the remote emulation for each supported instrument, limitations of the individual emulations and the remaining differences between the emulated and the original commands.

11-Oct-2016 | AN-No. 1GP92

In digital wireless communication systems one or multiple users are assigned to a physical RF channel. With analog systems only one user per carrier is possible. Output spectrum of the transmitter has to be restricted to the assigned channel in order to avoid interference with the neighbor channels. With the switch over to digital modulation formats more user per channel are possible. They share one channel by using only part of the time for transmission (Time Division Multiplex Access, TDMA) or by coding the transmission by orthogonal sequences for distinction to other users (Code Division Multiples Access, CDMA). Beneath the restriction of modulation spectrum with TDMA systems also time behavior of the transmitted signal is critical. One reason is that in a multi-user situation only one user is allowed to transmit within his assigned time slots. Another reason is that by switching a carrier on and off spectrum of the transmitter splatters and causes additional interference in other RF channels.

17-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF32

- not available -

20-Jul-2001 | AN-No. 7BM10

The R&S®QPS millimeterwave security scanner delivers the most accurate measurement results in 1.5 to 2.5 s. The instantaneous scan requires only 64 ms, or five times faster than the blink of an eye, virtually eliminating the ambiguous readings that occur due to accidental movement with the longer scan time of other imaging technology.

22-Jan-2019

The new buffer analysis feature was introduced with firmware version 2.80 for the R&S DVM family. This application note describes this feature and explains how it represents a valuable asset to your daily business operations This application note first provides background information and then explains how monitoring and measurement have been implemented in the R&S DVM family.

23-Mar-2006 | AN-No. 7BM53

RF performance measurements for Wi-Fi 7.

30-May-2022

Modulation Analyzers FMA (up to 1.36 GHz) and FMB (up to 5 GHz) are high-grade FM demodulators from Rohde & Schwarz with highly stable synthesizer, low-noise FM demodulator, automatic frequency tuning and fine-tuning, separation of AM from FM,all of which make Analyzers FMA/FMB ideal for phase noise measurements.

03-Jun-1998 | AN-No. 1EF15

For measurements of non-connectorized devices, test fixtures, probes or other structures are used to adapt from the coaxial interface of the test setup to the device under test (DUT). For accurate measurements of the DUT, these lead-ins and lead-outs need to be characterized, so that their effects can be mathematically removed, i.e. de-embedded from the measurement results.This application note provides practical hints to accurately characterize and de-embed these lead-in and lead-out structures with R&S Vector Network Analyzers ZNA, ZNB, ZNBT and ZND. As de-embedding is also essential in other test equipment like oscilloscopes, etc., this guide also describes, how lead-ins and lead-outs can be accurately characterized with a VNA and then exported as an S-Parameter file to be used by other test instruments.

19-Sep-2022 | AN-No. 1SL367

Today’s digital designs and high-speed data converters require clean clocks with minimal jitter

03-Aug-2017

Deep memory in an oscilloscope ensures that long waveforms are captured with high resolution right down to the details thanks to a high sustained sample rate. Users can be confident that they are not ‘missing anything’. They benefit from viewing longer periods of time and quickly finding signal anomalies or important events.

21-Mar-2017

Testing the tolerance to phase and impulsive noise is an integral part of quality tests for DVB-T/H and ATSC (8VSB) receivers, and several national and international standards specify guidelines and minimum requirements in this context. This Application Note introduces the R&S SFU-K42 impulsive noise option, the R&S SFU-K41 phase noise option, as well as the R&S SFU-K43 multinoise use option and describes how these can be used for testing the tolerance to phase and impulsive noise on commercial receivers.

26-Jan-2007 | AN-No. 7BM64

The R&S®TSStream multi-TS streaming software streams a number of MPEG transport stream files simultaneously over a single IP interface. The individual transport streams result in a high overall bit rate. To make the streams available on a standard PC, the R&S®TSStream software does not play the transport stream files directly from the hard disk but first loads them into the RAM. The maximum number and length of the transport streams depends solely on the PC's available RAM.

16-Mar-2017 | AN-No. 1GP113

Sequencer Software Tool

20-Feb-2015

The I/Q-Modulation Generator AMIQ provides high precision I/Q analog output for data calculated by the software WinIQSIM. Additionally, the software AMIQ-K2 enables you to read, convert, and transfer existing data files from various other programs to AMIQ format. Input formats supported by AMIQ-K2 are: - The propriety R&S programs IQSIM and DAB-K1. - Mathematic calculation programs like Matlab and Mathcad. - AWG202, COSSAP and ADS data files. AMIQ-K2 also provides you with remote control for AMIQ. For hardware and software requirements see section 2. AMIQ-K2 transfers data to AMIQ using either - GPIB - RS232. An extensive manual is supplied to help you use AMIQ-K2.

24-Nov-1999 | AN-No. 1MA10

FMCW radar sensors are used in vehicles for adaptive cruise control and for blind-spot, lane-change and cross traffic assistants. Radar sensors for acquisition of the surroundings are key components for future vehicles with semi-autonomous and fully autonomous driving. Autonomous driving requires radars that reliably detect objects in the surrounding area. Radar makes it possible to quickly and precisely measure the radial velocity, range and azimuth and elevation angle of multiple objects. For this reason, the automobile industry is increasingly using this technology in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Rohde & Schwarz offers T&M solutions for generating, measuring and analyzing radar signals and components to ensure trouble free operation of these sensors. The high-performance oscilloscope R&S® RTP with four measurement channels is the perfect solution for multi-channel measurements on MIMO radar sensors and correlation with other signals e.g. power rails, whereas a spectrum analyzer such as the R&S® FSW85 offers highest dynamic up to 85 GHz.This application note focuses on how to measure and analyze FMCW radar signals with up to 6 GHz bandwidth with an R&S® RTP oscilloscope. On-board analysis features for pulse and chirp analysis for single- and multi-channel measurements will be addressed as well as the combination of oscilloscope and R&S® VSE software. Measurement of an FMCW radar signal in the 77 - 81GHz band with 4 GHz bandwidth is demonstrated.

07-Aug-2019 | AN-No. GFM318

The R&S WiMAX application firmware R&S FSx-K93 calculates several different power parameters. This application note describes the basic power measurements of WiMAX OFDMA signals and gives an overview of the calculation of the different values.

11-Jul-2007 | AN-No. 1EF60

This application note provides information about the spurious emission measurement on 3 GPP base station transmitters. The basic requirements and the limiting factors of a spectrum analyzer are explained in detail. Dynamic range calculations with measurement examples show the practical realisation of spurious emission measurements.

10-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF45

This application note describes the basic frequency filter measurements that are often required during service repairs, during development of simple circuits and for training purposes. These measurements do not always require high-end T&M equipment. Instruments in this class typically offer a very wide range of measurement functions coupled with the best-possible RF performance. However, these features are not necessary for simple applications. This application note therefore describes measurements using instruments from the cost-effective Rohde & Schwarz Value Instruments series. The instruments in this series offer the measurement accuracy demanded by quality-conscious users plus easy operation and all of the functionality needed for everyday measurement tasks.

27-Mar-2015 | AN-No. 1MA243

This application note presents means to determine the quality of color-reproduction on TVs and monitors using the R&S®DVSG Digital Video Signal Generator in combination with the Konica Minolta CS-2000 spectroradiometer and the accompanying Konica Minolta CS-S10w analysis software.

13-Aug-2010 | AN-No. 7BM78