Calibration and Verification Solution

The UWB (Ultra-Wideband) technology is a short range wide-band radio technology specified for device to device communication operating in unlicensed spectrum. It is an RF positioning technology that enables accurate and secure peer-to-peer ranging between mobile devices with robust resistance to interference while consuming very low energy and coexisting well with other radio communication systems. UWB is used for a variety of different applications, such as asset tracking, secure payment, personal tracker, real time location services and keyless access and start of a vehicle etc. According to ABI Research forecasts, there will be well over 1 billion UWB annual device shipments by 2026. Almost every smart phone shipped in 2026 will support UWB services.Talking about testing aspect of a UWB device, in general two test methodologies can be adopted as other wireless products, either the traditional testing mode (so-called conducted test mode) with wired RF connection between the test measurement equipment and device under test (DUT) or over the air (OTA) test mode in an OTA anechoic chamber. Sometimes, it is not always possible or necessary to perform the tests under conducted mode due to the limiting factors, e.g. cost, space, complexity and direct access to the RF connectors of the product. In this case, OTA testing is then becoming a non-evitable approach. Moreover, OTA testing reflects the usage of DUT in a real condition.In this application note, R&S® OTA test solution covering transmitter (Tx), receiver (Rx) and Time of Flight (ToF) testing in Wireless Automated Testing (WMT) environment is described. The measurement results throughout the whole document are based on NXP Trimension™ NCJ29D5 UWB automotive IC.

12-Apr-2023 | AN-No. 1SL394

This application note helps to understand the measurement uncertainty calculation for a modern spectrum analyzer and provides a tool to calculate the total measurement uncertainty for different measurements.

21-Apr-2010 | AN-No. 1EF63

Software tools allow to make the control of T&M instruments more convenient. The adoption of the following tools for Windows®-based T&M instruments is described: ● Synergy:One mouse and one keyboard control a group of T&M instruments ● CamStudio:Video clips of the display of a T&M instrumentare recorded during operation

13-Jun-2013 | AN-No. 1MA218

Stable operation in all circumstances is essential for power converters. Different working conditions, such as load steps, startup/shutdown sequences and input voltage variation, apply to most converter types. In addition to the standard feedback control loop, integrated pulse width modulation (PWM) controllers provide extended functions, such as line feed-forward loop control and soft-start control. These extended control functions improve regulation for specific conditions. Such complex regulation systems require smart methods to ensure proper operation of the converter in all modes. For this task, extensive expertise and the right measurement tools are essential for identifying and locating unexpected events in the system.

11-Oct-2023

This application note shows all necessary settings for performing Dual Receiver Measurement using the R&S®EMC32-K27 option via R&S® EMC32 Measurement Software.

28-Sep-2017 | AN-No. 1SP20

This application note describes the software configuration, system calibration and test routine for EMC measurements according to the EMS standard IEC / EN 61000-4-6.

29-Mar-2007 | AN-No. 1SP33

TDMA communications systems like GSM, DCS 1800 or PCS 1900 make effective use of the frequency spectrum by assigning several subscribers to the same frequency channel. Each subscriber has access to one predefined time slot for transmitting information. With GSM eight subscribers share one frequency channel with a bandwidth of 200 kHz. In order not to disturb the other users of the 200-kHz channel it has to be ensured that, for instance, a mobile sends in the assigned time slot only and that no power is emitted by the transmitter at other times. For this reason the transmitter power is practically switched off in the transmission intervals.

16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF18

The following application note describes the function and operation of user menus for FSE Spectrum Analyzers including option Vector Signal Analysis (FSE-B7). For measurements according to the PCS 1900 standard user menus are provided, which perform settings on FSE for Base Station testing required in the standard. The menu and the accompanying setups are stored on a floppy disk. For operation of the menus firmware version 1.40 or higher is required. Option Vector Signal Analysis FSE-B7 has to be installed for the use of the application menu.

17-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF24

This Application Note provides a step-by-step description of all video decoding settings you need to make. It also contains valuable information about how to optimize replay for various applications.

02-Mar-2006 | AN-No. 7BM52

Rohde & Schwarz recognizes the potential risk of computer virus infection when connecting test instrumentation to Windows®-based computers via local area networks (LANs), or using removable storage devices.This white paper introduces measures to minimize malware threats and discusses ways to reduce risks while ensuring that instrument performance is not compromised. The paper also discusses the use of anti-virus software in combination with Embedded Linux based instruments.

23-Nov-2016 | AN-No. 1GP112

Rogue cells pose a significant threat to cellular networks. They need to be addressed as quickly as possible to avoid damage to network integrity, especially for critical infrastructure. R&S®NESTOR cellular network analysis (CNA) software lets users efficiently detect and locate harmful cells in the network environment through base station analysis (BSA) in order to protect sensitive areas.

02-Aug-2024

More functions, greater processing power and growing data rates make high-speed system-on-chips (SoCs) power designs challenging. The increasing number of power rails that supply the various function blocks of modern CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, ASICs and such require precise sequencing during power-up and powerdown. Supply voltage levels are also lowered to reduce power dissipation inside the SoC. Power integrity requirements are stricter and more supply current is needed on power rails. Multiphase buck converters continue to grow more popular for high-current power rails. The converters have many benefits, but designers also face challenges when it comes to power design and validation testing.

13-Jan-2025

The R&S®ZNB vector network analyzer simplifies instrument configuration and calibration using the mixer measurement wizard and SMARTerCal.

01-Oct-2013

Capturing small ECG signals in medical applications The R&S®RTE is the best choice for analyzing small signals such as ECG signals with high signal fidelity. Capturing small ECG signals in medical applications Capturing small ECG signals in medical applications The R&S®RTE is the best choice for analyzing small signals such as ECG signals with high signal fidelity. Capturing small ECG signals in medical

17-Nov-2015

Its excellent realtime baseband performance in combination with its ability to easily import the scattering parameters of an active/passive twoport interconnection network via s2p-files make the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator ideal for high-precision RF and microwave tests requiring deembedding of the device under test (DUT).

11-Oct-2017

What used to be the car radio has evolved from adding a cassette player to state of the art entertainment on the move. All this while keeping driver & passengers connected. The design challenge is to bring all the communication and broadcast standards into a small form factor that fits in the dashboard of the car. The RF modules need to support multiple standards in a single assembly and multiple modules are placed next to each other. The frequencies defined by the RF standards are in very close proximity and hence need to co-exist with each other. Moreover, the antennas inside the car are subjected to cross-coupling effects with mobile devices of passengers. To ensure the RF performance of the infotainment system, all of these scenarios need to be thoroughly tested.This application note highlights some of the RF measurement challenges and introduces Rohde & Schwarz equipment required for relevant RF characterization of car infotainment devices.

08-May-2017 | AN-No. 1MA275

This application note describes methods using an R&S®ZVA network analyzer, one or two R&S®SMB100A signal generators and an R&S®FSW signal analyzer to accurately measure all the key parameters of frequency converters with embedded local oscillator. A commercial satellite up-converter is used as a device under test example.

30-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA224

Soft-start verification is becoming a major concern for modern switching mode power supplies due to the increasing use of digital controllers. The R&S®RTM3000 and R&S®RTA4000 oscilloscopes offer pulse width modulation (PWM) track analysis functionality, which is a great feature for verifying and optimizing soft start during development.

09-Jul-2019

Testing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can be done easily, reliably and cost-efficiently by using the R&S®SMBV100A vector signal generator. This GNSS simulator can generate GPS, Glonass, Galileo, and BeiDou signals for up to 24 satellites in real time.This application note explains how to perform automated receiver tests using the R&S®SMBV100A. The presented tests include TTFF, sensitivity, and location accuracy measurements, moving receiver and interference tests, and many more. Basic remote control examples are provided for the individual tests to ease programming. This application note further includes a short guide for parsing NMEA data.

29-Jul-2014 | AN-No. 1GP86

LTE – the fastest growing mobile radio standard – had its beginnings in 3GPP Release 8. Initial improvements and new features were implemented in Release 9. This Application Note describes the T&M methods for LTE Release 9 features using Rohde & Schwarz instruments.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA210

This document describes the direct test mode mechanisms for testing Bluetooth Low Energy devices and explains how the direct test mode connection is established. The R&S CMW uses a USB port for the direct test mode connection while the Equipment under Test (EUT) may provide a USB port, a serial port or even a 2-wire UART interface for this purpose. Installing or assigning the right driver for the EUT is the main configuration task on the R&S CMW. For EUTs with USB port, the R&S CMW provides a Bluetooth Low Energy USB driver which has to be assigned to the connected EUT.

14-Dec-2016 | AN-No. 1C105

The need to properly represent the ever changing complexities of the RF environment across communications, surveillance, electronic support measures (ESM) and signal intelligence system (SIGINT) with the advances of signal complexity and bandwidth, requires an enormous test and measurement effort.Extensive field tests are often applied to verify the performance and capabilities under preferably natural but controlled conditions. This is both costly and requires a great deal of time.RF signal environment generation using Test & Measurement equipment brings field tests into the laboratory, where a controlled, cost-effective and reproducible environment exists. The R&S®Pulse Sequencer software is a versatile tool to generate arbitrary and realistic RF signal scenarios ensuringsystem readiness for the real operational world.This application note introduces the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software, explains several examples that are applicable for research, development, before operational and during life-time test in detail, and guides you through the necessary steps, to generate a self-defined, arbitrary real life RF signal environment.

17-Jan-2017 | AN-No. 1MA288

The R&S®Scope Rider is a modern versatile handheld oscilloscope featuring lab oscilloscope performance in a portable format with the ruggedness of a battery operated handheld device. Its superior performance is the best in its class.

04-Jan-2016

The document gives an overview and user guide about a link budget calculator for the main components of a basic OTA system. The calculator shall guide the user to plan link budgets, especially with respect to SNR requirements for the receive components and the vector signal analyzer. An Excel sheet containing the Link Budget Calculator accompanies the application note.

19-Mar-2019 | AN-No. 1EF104

The SMIQB Vector Signal Generator and the AMIQ I/Q Modulation Generator with the WinIQSIM™ software are outstanding signal sources for 3rd generation communication systems. This paper describes how to apply R&S signal generators for 3GPP WCDMA measurements, and introduces 3GPP WCDMA and related measurement applications.

27-Nov-2000 | AN-No. 1GP39

This application note describes how to detect even small fails in dynamic turn indicators with R&S®AdVISE.

30-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1S006

The R&S®ESW-B8 and R&S®ESW-B8E extended bandwidth options allow the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver to measure with a resolution bandwidth of up to 80 MHz. The increasing number of wideband applications (e.g. radar sensors) and accompanying standards means there is now a greater interest in wide bandwidth measurements.This application note describes the following topics for the R&S®ESW EMI test receiver:► Characteristics and implementation of RF signal paths► Image responses and how their rejection is handled ► Ultrawideband measurement applications as required e.g. by ETSI standards► Solutions for efficiently coping with bandwidth limitations in the range above 8 GHz

19-Nov-2020 | AN-No. 1EE26

The R&S®EDST300 efficiently and precisely analyzes TACAN and DME ground stations, making it ideal for commissioning and regular maintenance.

16-Feb-2017

Use of FSE Spectrum Analyzer for adjacent channel power measurements with wideband CDMA signals is explained. Optimum operation is shown by explanation the signal behavior and the internal structure of the FSE. The spectrum analyzer family FSE, featuring a very high dynamic range is an outstanding equipment for this purpose. Up to 73 dB dynamic range are attained.

17-Mar-1998 | AN-No. 1EF40

This application note addresses the diverse possibilities of interoperability between Rohde & Schwarz power sensors and Rohde & Schwarz signal generators. All current and many legacy Rohde & Schwarz signal generators offer the capability of directly connecting power sensors. This enables power measurements without the need of a base unit or separate PC to display the readings. Furthermore, sensors can be used for special tasks like filling a user correction table or continuously controlling levels at crucial points in the measurement configuration.

31-Aug-2023 | AN-No. 1GP141