From the expert’s desk

15-Jan-2021

LLC resonant converters achieve very high efficiency levels due to soft switching. However, during the power-on phase such a converter might behave differently until the controller has reached a steady state. Measuring the inrush current and the power-on time ensures that they are within standards and comply with the data sheet.

29-Nov-2018

radio signals, radio services, sensitive radiocommunications systems, radio-controlled landing systems, automatic landing systems, air traffic control, UMS100, ARGUS Automatic monitoring of radio signals at airports interfering with radio services Automatic monitoring of radio signals at airports interfering with radio services radio signals, radio services, sensitive radiocommunications systems, radio-controlled

04-Sep-2006

Determining the delay of the video signal in relation to the audio signal aids evaluation of the quality of screens with an audio output. In some cases, such delays can reach as much as 100ms, which can cause significant irritation. This delay occurs because videosignal processing requires more computing power than audio-signal processing. The measurement solution described in this application note analyzes delays of up to +-400ms at a resolution in the order of µs.

21-Apr-2010 | AN-No. 7BM77

This application note gives a short summary on how to use harmonic mixers in combination with Rohde & Schwarz Signal and Spectrum Analyzers. Focus of this application note is the use of conversion loss tables with different R&S analyzers. It also provides a tool to convert different formats of the conversion loss tables.

06-Aug-2010 | AN-No. 1EF75

This application note provides information about measurements on pulsed signals with a spectrum analyzer. Examples show the practical realisation of measurements like pulse width, peak power and mean power, and the limitations of spectrum analyzer measurements. A method for long time average power measurement is explained.

16-Jan-2003 | AN-No. 1EF48

Automotive radar is vital to the advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that will help achieve Net Zero (zero accidents, zero fatalities) targets in the automobile industry. In a driving environment, radar sensors must detect real objects even when there is interference. The R&S®AREG800A automotive radar echo generator is essential to any solution that tests radar sensor immunity to interference.

15-Jun-2023

The simulation of impulsive noise for tests on set-top boxes for digital TV (DTV) has so far been a highly complex task regarding the reproducibility of test signals. Using state-of-the-art technology from Rohde & Schwarz, this task can be accomplished with a simple test setup

07-Jul-2003 | AN-No. 7BM45

RF physical layer specifications (such as 3GPP TS36.104) describe a variety of requirements that the end equipment needs to meet. This application note provides insight into some of these specifications and how test & measurement equipment can simplify the task of deriving requirements for RF sub-systems.

10-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA221

This application note describes the configuration of a Miracast wireless video transmission system and how to measure the delay times between a smart phone or tablet (source) and a television / monitor (sink) display. The accompanying software for Windows 7/8/10, Mac OS X 10.x and MATLAB additionally allows to measure the delay until the video signal is transmitted over the air and optionally until it is available on the HDMI cable of an external Miracast receiver.

01-Oct-2015 | AN-No. 1MA250

The converters offered for the R&S®ZVA family extend the network analyzers' frequency range up to 325 GHz. This Application Note describes typical measurements on millimeter-wave mixers and millimeter-wave frontends. It also discusses a signal identification method that enables spurious measurements to be performed in the millimeter-wave range using an R&S®ZVA network analyzer in conjunction with a converter.

17-Nov-2008 | AN-No. 1EZ57

The option ZVR-B7 allows an enhanced power calibration of the source and of the receiver channels of a ZVR, then being active instead of the standard factory power calibration. Using an external power meter, the power level of input or output wave quantities will be adjusted to a desired value at an arbitrary reference plane.

29-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ41

This application note examines both the theory and practice of state-of-the-art spectrum analysis by discussing specific measurements taken on an integrated RF amplifier.The theoretical portion of this document first describes how modern spectrum analyzers are designed and how they work. That is followed by a brief characterization of today's signal generators, which are needed as a stimulus when performing amplifier measurements. The effects on the spectrum that are caused by the nonlinearity of real devices under test are derived mathematically.The practical portion of this application note contains detailed test and measurement tasks that are suitable for use as lab exercises performed in small groups. The purpose of these tasks is to illustrate the explanations provided in the theoretical section and to provide a deeper understanding of the principles explained there.

05-Mar-2013 | AN-No. 1MA201

With advanced FFT capabilities and unparalleled sensitivity and dynamic range, the MXO oscilloscopes are the perfect choice for electromagnetic interference (EMI) debugging. Swiftly and accurately detect and analyze EMI emanating from electronic circuits and boards with time-correlated RF analysis. Elevate your debugging experience with the fast performance of the MXO oscilloscopes.

07-Feb-2024

This application note explains step by step all necessary settings for transmitting parameters of the disturbance signal from an EMS test to a dAV Camera System via serial port or LAN interface. The dAV Camera System overlays these parameters onto the camera signal.

10-Dec-2019

Phase distortions in a transmission channel are determined using group delay measurements, they must be as low as possible to maintain good signal quality. Vector network analyzers are normally used to characterize the group delay variations as a measure of phase distortion.This application note provides basic information about the concept of a group delay measurement with spectrum analyzers and signal generators, and how this method simplifies the test setup and improves the measurement speed.Measurement examples show the limiting factors of this approach and help the user to understand and avoid some limitations of this method. In addition the test results are compared to those generated with vector network analyzers.

09-Aug-2017 | AN-No. 1EF98

The R&S®SMBV100A is both, a versatile general-purpose vector signal generator and a powerful GNSS signal simulator. It can simulate up to 24 satellites in realtime for testing GNSS receivers flexibly, reliably, and cost-efficiently. The R&S®SMBV100A supports receiver testing under realistic conditions by offering features such as obscuration simulation and automatic multipath generation. Out of a multitude of possible test scenarios – with predefined or user-specific settings – this application note presents some examples to give an impression of the instrument’s capabilities.

19-Apr-2018 | AN-No. 1GP101

High throughput is the key production metric for efficient operation. Improving test speed helps reduce the cost per device. The R&S®PVT360A performance vector tester is optimized for high speed production tests.

12-Apr-2023

Characterizing RF mixers that have an internal LO using the value-of-three R&S®FPC1500 spectrum analyzer.

15-Oct-2018

Audio analyzers and test software from Rohde & Schwarz enable Dolby® licensees to subject their new products to the required compliance tests.

25-Jul-2014

3GPP TS25.141 defines conformance tests for W-CDMA base stations (including HSPA+ features). This application note describes how all required receiver (Rx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 7) can be performed easily and quickly by using vector signal generators and CW sources from Rohde & Schwarz. One test additionally requires a spectrum analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz.Example illustrates manual operation. A free software program enables and demonstrates remote operation. The W-CDMA base station transmitter (Tx) tests (TS25.141 Chapter 6) are described in Application Note 1MA67.

21-Oct-2014 | AN-No. 1MA114

Signal Generator SMIQ has versatile analog and digital internal modulation capabilities. Optional Fading Simulator SMIQ-B14 adds a variety of fading functions to the integrated digital modulation capabilities of SMIQ at a highly attractive price as compared with similar products. This application note describes how to apply fading to signals of any source and with any type of modulation (analog and digital) in a very convenient way.

09-Mar-1998 | AN-No. 1MA07

Make more accurate power rail measurements.

03-Jan-2018

Spectrum Rider, FPH, FPH handheld spectrum analyzer, satellite ground station Satellite ground station testing up to 44 GHz with the R&S®Spectrum Rider FPH handheld spectrum analyzer Satellite ground station testing up to 44 GHz with the R&S®Spectrum Rider FPH handheld spectrum analyzer Spectrum Rider, FPH, FPH handheld spectrum analyzer, satellite ground station Satellite ground station testing up

24-Jul-2024

Application Note 1MA104 shows you how to quickly and easily create TD-SCDMA test signals for user equipment and base station tests as stipulated in the standards TS 34.122 and TS 25.142.

10-May-2007 | AN-No. 1MA104

With SMIQ Signal Generator you can generate the most important Bluetooth RF test signals fast and conveniently. This application note comes with files containing modulation data for various payload patterns and burst lengths. A list of patterns is included. With the transfer software, also enclosed with this application note, you can load the data records into SMIQ and start testing immediately. BLUETOOTH is a registered trademark of Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson, Sweden.

30-Jan-2001 | AN-No. 1MA31

The constantly decreasing size of components and the available board space form a challenge to place adequate test connections for RF instruments. Recent improvements in the availability and use of high performance differential building blocks in RF circuits intensify the problems of connecting test equipment. Using oscilloscope probes is a possibility to perform measurements by connecting to printed circuit board lines and chip contacts where only a minimal area is required to make contact. This application note provides information on how to use oscilloscope probes in RF measurements using spectrum analyzers, and show the results of differential measurements with a spectrum analyzer.

28-Jun-2013 | AN-No. 1EF84

EW receivers are tested in the lab at RF to discover problems before flight testing. This eliminates cost and schedule risk. Flight testing can cost tens of thousands of dollars per hour and must be scheduled many months in advance. In contrast, using test equipment to test at RF might require a certain upfront cost but provides a readily-accessible capability to simulate radar threats at RF for a long time. This application note explains how the angle-of-arrival (AoA) capabilities of EW receivers can be tested with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RF test equipment. Topics covered are the generation of scenarios, instrument setup, and setup calibration. We will use a radar warning receiver (RWR) as a proxy for a generic EW receiver in this application note.

22-Dec-2021 | AN-No. 1GP125

A new phase noise test instrument covers the frequency range from 1 MHz to 50 GHz with direct down-conversion analog I/Q mixers and baseband signal sampling. The traditional PLL has been replaced by a digital FM demodulator for phase detection and frequency tracking. An additional AM demodulator enables concurrent measurement of phase and amplitude noise. The instrument can measure phase noise as low as -183 dBc/Hz with a 100 MHz carrier frequency and 10 kHz offset within two minutes.

09-May-2016

This application note describes how to generate test signals for 13.56 MHz RFID modules according to ISO 15693 with R&S Signal Generators and analyze them with R&S Signal Analyzers using software R&S WinIQSIM™.

17-May-2006 | AN-No. RSI01