The R&S spectrum analyzers and signal analyzers offer an additional equalizer filter in the Vector Signal Analysis Application Firmware R&S FSQ-K70/FSx-B73, which is a powerful tool for measurement and analysis of vector-modulated signals. This application note describes the functionality of the equalizer filter and how to set the filter parameter manually in an accurate and fast way.

06-Feb-2009 | AN-No. 1EF61

With the R&S®Pulse Sequencer radar simulation software, users can easily and intuitively create scenarios for simulation of angle of arrival (AoA). Together with multiple coupled R&S®SMW200A vector signal generators, this solution allows quick and thorough performance characterization of all types of direction finding equipment such as devices that use amplitude comparison, interferometric or time difference of arrival (TDOA) techniques. This document describes our test solution for testing devices that use amplitude comparison techniques.

02-Apr-2020

When MPEG-2 transport streams are transmitted, the program clock reference PCR is transmitted as a time reference in the receiver. A sufficiently accurate and correctly received PCR is a precondition for correct data display in the receiver. This Application Note provides an overview of definitions, functions and use of the PCR. It also explains the recommended measurements of the current measurement guidelines and offers detailed instructions on how to use the PCR measurement functions of the R&S DVM family.

01-Jun-2006 | AN-No. 7BM55

Measuring and optimizing the characteristics of individual elements within an antenna array for beamforming performance of Qualcomm 5G mmWave modems SDX50 and SDX55.

25-Feb-2020

The R&S®SMB100A analog signal generator is the ideal calibration source for weather radar receivers due to its highly accurate output level.

25-Jan-2011

This application note belongs to a series of application notes which explains how to test EW receivers at RF in the lab with commercial, off-the-shelf signal generators and software. The series will cover all relevant use cases. This application note will discuss threat simulation and verification. Further application notes will address calibration and verification of multi-channel setups for simulation of angle of arrival, generation of radar signals in a hardware in the loop (HIL) environment with PDW Streaming, and automated threat creation and sequencing.

23-Mar-2021 | AN-No. 1GP123

The validated UWB PHY test suite for the R&S®CMP200 radio communication tester simplifies FiRa™ Consortium PHY conformance testing.

21-Jun-2022

DVB-T signal quality is determined by measuring the modulation error ratio (MER). However, a poor MER does not indicate its causes since different interference factors overlap at the transmitter when a signal is generated and transmitted. The R&S®ETL TV test receiver now has a unique new measurement capability that makes it possible to demonstrate to what extent the modulator's phase noise affects the MER.

13-Jul-2012

The SGMA products from Rohde & Schwarz are optimized for use in production and automated applications. Their key characteristics are high speed and a compact design. The instruments are also an ideal enhancement for the R&S®SMW200A in MIMO applications. They can interface to the high-end vector signal generator and serve as additional RF outputs. This application note explains how to connect and interface with the SGMA instruments and gives some recommendations and hints about their use. It helps the user to get started and to understand how the instruments interact.

15-Oct-2015 | AN-No. 1GP103

combinational tests, terminal equipment, test system, electrical test, telecommunicaitons, open test platform, CompactTSVP, DUT, acoustic characteristics, GTSL, diver, ETSI Combinational tests for telephone terminal equipment Combinational tests for telephone terminal equipment combinational tests, terminal equipment, test system, electrical test, telecommunicaitons, open test platform, CompactTSVP

26-Apr-2006

DECT standard ETS 300 175-2 prescribes among others measurement of the transmit power and the unwanted power in adjacent channels. Following a brief introduction into DECT, this Application Note describes the standard-conforming measurement of the normal transmit power NTP and the unwanted adjacent-channel power ACP using a spectrum analyzer from the FSE family ( firmware version 1.63 and higher). Option FSE-B7 (Vector Signal Analyzer) is required for measuring the normal transmit power NTP since the signal must be demodulated for this measurement. Due to the wide dynamic range of FSEA20 and FSEA30, the adjacent channel power ACP can be measured without bandpass filters suppressing the transmit channel. Option FSE-B7 is not required for measuring the adjacent-channel power.

28-Apr-1998 | AN-No. 1EF42

This Application Note describes the method to perform a valid Access Probe Power and Standby Power measurement for CDMA2000 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO by using the R&S CMW500’s GPRF analyzer list mode functionality.

25-May-2012 | AN-No. 1CM99

For several years, vehicle manufacturers and government agencies have sought ways to increase road safety, manage traffic efficiently and, in the future, make driving more comfortable, convenient and safe. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a new generation of information and communication technology that connects vehicles to everything and can support these objectives. V2X is designed to offer low-latency vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications to add a new dimension to future driver assistance systems.Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is defined as the communications standard by 3GPP in Release 14 and uses LTE technology as the physical interface for communications.The LTE C-V2X Scanner provides customers an opportunity to verify, test, and optimize ITS traffic systems that are being deployed or are already established. The scanner accomplishes this by passively listening to PC (5.9GHz) messages that are being broadcast from RSU (roadside units), vehicles or any other C-V2X enabled device. Traditional scanner measurements regarding RF signal power and quality such as RSRP, RS-CINR and RSSI, are provided for each physical channel (PSCCH and PSSCH) as well as decoded ITS message content for all three regions (North America, EU, China).

21-Oct-2022 | AN-No. 8NT07

The present R&S®SMW-K503/-K504 Interface Control Document contains information on- the R&S descriptor word format, including pulse descriptor words and timed control descriptor words in basic and expert mode- Timing requirements and limitations of the real-time control interface- Properties of the ADV DATA/CTRL network interfaceIt is intended for use by customers using descriptor words to control the R&S®SMW200A in real-time. The interface control document specifies the interface between the customers hardware used for provision of descriptor words and the R&S®SMW200A ADV DATA/CTRL interface. Additional information on descriptor word processing inside the R&S®SMW200A is provided.

25-Aug-2021 | AN-No. 1GP133

This White Paper provides a more detailed view on radar waveforms for Aerospace and Defence and commercial radar systems. Waveforms such as pulse and pulse-Doppler signal, continuous wave and frequency shift keying waveforms are described. It also shows continuous waveform trends designed for specific needs and application differences of continuous wave radar compared to pulse radar systems.

31-Aug-2015 | AN-No. 1MA239

This application note describes how to generate GSM signals for wide ranging receiver tests under fading conditions for GSM/GPRS/Edge. The test setup requires an R&S®CMU Radio Communication Tester with IQ-IF interface option CMU-B17 and an R&S®SMIQ vector signal generator or baseband fading simulator ABFS for generating GSM. The GSMFadLevCor program included with this application note performs a semi automatic level correction of the power fed to the Device Under Test (DUT).

28-Aug-2009 | AN-No. 1MA60

TETRA, the TErrestrial Trunked RAdio, is the professional mobile radio standard (PMR) used world wide by governmental safety and security authorities and organizations, as well as by private utilities from energy suppliers through to transport. Rohde & Schwarz provide test instruments idealy suited for both the development and production of TETRA base stations and user equipment, as well as for network planning, network coverage and quality of service, network monitoring and optimization, maintenance, and service. This Application Note shows examples for measurements with R&S instruments covering the entire range of TETRA test requirements.

26-Apr-2013 | AN-No. 1MA189

The Universal Radio Communication Tester R&S®CMU200 can perform most of the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO access terminal (AT) tests specified in the standard IS-866-A on its own. Some tests require additional instruments. This application note shows how to perform these tests easily with the remote-control software CMUgo, using the R&S®CMU200 in combination with R&S®SMU, R&S®AMU, R&S®SMJ or R&S®SML signal generators, and R&S®FSQ, R&S®FSU, R&S®FSP, R&S®FSL or R&S®FSMR spectrum analyzers.

05-Jan-2012 | AN-No. 1MA123

Vector signals at microwave frequencies can easily be generated by the direct upconversion of I/Q baseband signals. A versatile and cost-efficient solution consists of an R&S®SMF100A microwave signal generator combined with a baseband source (e.g. the R&S®AFQ100A) and an external I/Q mixer. This application note describes how to perform the frequency upconversion.

28-Jul-2009 | AN-No. 1GP76

This application note provides basic information about frequency and phase settling time measurements and how the measurement is implemented inside modern phase noise analyzers.Measurement examples show the possibilities of this measurement feature and help the user to understand and use this method.

28-Jun-2018 | AN-No. 1EF102

The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is one of the parameters in RF systems that measures the impedance mismatch. Under ideal conditions, when the load is perfectly matched to the source, the VSWR will be 1. A mismatch in the system causes reflections that will increase the VSWR and lead to losses in transmission. Although most RF components are typically designed and specified with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω , applications and system components for cable television are designed and specified with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ω . This application note describes the measurement procedure for VSWR measurements in 75 Ω systems using the R&S®FSH3-TV handheld TV analyzer.

01-Mar-2008 | AN-No. 7BM72

The R&S®RTB2000 digital oscilloscope lets you share your scope’s display with any computer/projector via LAN or Internet. The oscilloscope comes with an RJ-45 Ethernet jack and a built-in web server (as standard). The screen is displayed via a direct connection to a PC, via LAN or over the Internet.

21-Mar-2017

Crucial for proper operation of mobile networks. Part 4 of the series on Cable and Antenna verification

Critical Infrastructure: Mobile base stations rely on a complex interplay of components, including often-overlooked elements like filter combiners, RF splitters and tappers, and cables, to deliver uninterrupted mobile communications.Vulnerability to Environmental Factors: Filter combiners, accessories, and cabling in mobile base stations are susceptible to harsh environmental stressors, which can lead to signal degradation and reduced system availability.Fundamental Properties: The functional integrity of mobile base station components is measured against key RF parameters, including frequency response and insertion loss, to ensure conformance to manufacturer and industry standards (e.g., 3GPP, ETSI).Measurement Techniques: Systematic and comprehensive testing is essential to validate the functional integrity of critical mobile base station components, detect latent defects, and optimize overall system performance.

09-Jan-2025 | AN-No. 8NT20

EMI compliance is becoming a major concern for advanced power electronics due to increasing switching speeds. Correlated time-frequency measurements help optimize gate driving and minimize electromagnetic emissions early on during development.

27-Apr-2023

Rapid and accurate verification of beamforming weights is required for example, for codebook generation or beamforming algorithm development or verification. This document describes the unique application of Rohde & Schwarz VNA (Vector Network Analyzers) to fully characterize the passive part of multi-element antennas intended for beamforming.A range of R&S VNA models are optionally equipped with multiple independent sources, whose relative amplitude and phase may be arbitrarily controlled ("defined coherence mode"), in addition to frequency and true time delay. These sources may be connected to individual elements of a multi-element antenna to derive and verify transmit (Tx) mode beamsteering and beamforming operation.The R&S®ZVA in "Defined Coherence Mode" can electronically be switched to / from the conventional S-parameter mode. Therefore, Sparameter and beamforming measurements may be performed efficiently within a single connection cycle of the antenna.Multiple VNA may be daisy-chained, to extend the concept shown to support an arbitrary number of ports.The R&S®Quickstep sequencing software may be downloaded from:https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/software/quickstep/

20-Mar-2017 | AN-No. 1MA278

A Test Port Adapter System is implemented for all Rohde & Schwarz equipment, which operates above 26 GHz in order to protect the RF front-end from mechanical damage. The Test Port Adapter System consists of an RF front-end interface called the Test Port Adapter Body, and the Test Port Adapter Head which is attached to the Body. The Head provides an interface to a cable or device under test. This Application Note identifies the various types of Test Port Adapters, their parameters, compatibilities and usages.

28-Apr-2015 | AN-No. 1MA100

The R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer offers a dynamic range that is unbeatable on the market. This kind of sensitivity unlocks potential applications that previously could not be addressed with a vector network analyzer.

07-Jan-2019

RTC, RTC1000, Application Card, Determining current-voltage characteristics with the oscilloscope With their included component tester, the R&S®RTC1000 oscilloscopes are universally deployable in development and educational environments. Determining current-voltage characteristics with the oscilloscope RTC, RTC1000, Application Card, Determining current-voltage characteristics with the oscilloscope

20-Dec-2017

This application note describes the noise figure measurement using the R&S Vector Network Analyzers of the ZVA and ZVT series. It explains the concept of measuring noise figure without the need for a characterized noise source. Furthermore, it discusses different measurement applications and the respective setup and implications. Some examples guide through the instrument setups and show measurement results as well.

27-Oct-2010 | AN-No. 1EZ61

The R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator combined with the R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer offers fast and simple power amplifier testing including envelope tracking and digital predistortion, effectively replacing complex test setups.

22-Feb-2015