This document describes the adaptive frequency hopping mechanism for improved signaling performance in Bluetooth Basic Rate and Enhanced Data Rate devices.The R&S CMW provides this feature for remote operation in TX, Loopback and Connection test mode. Thereby the R&S CMW acts as a master, while the Equipment under Test (EUT) represents the slave(s) of the piconet.

14-Dec-2016 | AN-No. 1C108

This application note provides a brief introduction into the capabilities of the Rohde & Schwarz Vector Signal Generators (VSG) to create user defined digitally modulated signals called Custom Digital Modulation (CDM). Additionally an in depth description of the functions and the operation of the CDM-Toolbox is provided. The CDM-Toolbox is application software which allows an easy remote configuration of CDM signals on Rohde & Schwarz VSGs but also the creation of data list and control list files which are most useful to further extend the application area of CDM signals.

24-Jul-2017 | AN-No. 1GP96

Deembedding, often a necessary and complex task, is made easier with an integrated hardware and software solution.

25-Sep-2018

Measuring the spurious emissions of transmitters used in GSM, DCS 1800 and PCS 1900 networks requires highly complex test setups since con-ventional spectrum analyzers do not have the necessary dynamic range. To obtain this range, notch filters are used to suppress the useful sig-nal. The spectrum analyzers of the FSE family make it possible for the first time to verify com-pliance with stipulated limit values for spurious emissions within the transmission band and out-side the reception band without the use of notch filters. The measurement problem and its solution by means of FSE are described in the following by way of the example of a GSM base station.

16-Jan-2002 | AN-No. 1EF17

A special requirement for testing GSM components is to measure the electrical characteristics, such as the gain of a power amplifier, of the DUT under pulsed conditions. The test should be similar to real operating conditions for a mobile telephone.

28-Jul-1998 | AN-No. 1EZ42

As phase noise becomes an increasingly important system-level specification for electronic test equipment, communications systems, and radar systems. It is not only important to quantify the noise produced by oscillators, but also the noise added by each component in the signal processing chain. This application note reviews the fundamentals of residual or additive noise and addresses measurement techniques for determining the amplitude (AM) and phase noise added by two-port devices such as: amplifiers, mixers, block frequency converters, multipliers, dividers, and frequency synthesizers.Additionally, the Rohde & Schwarz FSWP phase noise analyzer will be introduced and a discussion of residual noise measurement techniques for the above-mentioned devices will be provided.

09-Oct-2017 | AN-No. 1EF100

Rohde & Schwarz presents a customizable solution for testing GNSS receivers to ensure a certain resilience against (legal) interference from neighboring bands.

18-Jul-2017

As the data rates in high-speed digital designs increase, the limits for overall system jitter become tighter. This especially applies to the various components of the clock tree, where the jitter limits for reference clocks, clock buffers and jitter attenuators are even tighter. Due to their high phase noise sensitivity, phase noise analyzers are the instruments of choice for these tests.

08-May-2018

With continuously increasing data rates, signal inte grity aspects of high-speed digital designs and the components used become more and more challenging. Particularly at higher data rates, vector network analyzers (VNA) are increasingly replacing traditional time domain reflectometry (TDR) setups for testing passive components such as connectors, cables and PCBs. Users benefit from the higher accuracy, speed and ESD robustness of the VNA, making the VNA the instrument of choice in this field.

20-Sep-2016

In order to allow users to quickly generate different reports, ELEKTRA provides several ways or supporting the user. This application note describes the various methods and their benefits. It is not a how-to step-by-step guide, but shows the principles of operation.

27-Jul-2022 | AN-No. 1SL384

Testing RF devices, like power amplifiers, requires a certain input power at the device under test (DUT). Sometimes, more power than a signal generator can deliver is needed. This may be the case when devices require higher input power, or when they need to be connected using long cables, which introduce large insertion losses at high frequencies. In these cases, an external amplifier can be used to deliver the required power to a DUT.This application note gives a guideline how to increase the power delivered to a DUT by an R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator using an external amplifier.It covers shifting the power reference plane from the generator output to the DUT input using an R&S®NRP power sensor and mitigating linear and nonlinear distortions using an R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer.

12-Mar-2025 | AN-No. 1GP143

The SMIQB Vector Signal Generator and the AMIQ I/Q Modulation Generator with the WinIQSIM™ software are outstanding signal sources for 3rd generation communication systems. This paper describes how to apply R&S signal generators for 3GPP WCDMA measurements, and introduces 3GPP WCDMA and related measurement applications.

27-Nov-2000 | AN-No. 1GP39

The need to properly represent the ever changing complexities of the RF environment across communications, surveillance, electronic support measures (ESM) and signal intelligence system (SIGINT) with the advances of signal complexity and bandwidth, requires an enormous test and measurement effort.Extensive field tests are often applied to verify the performance and capabilities under preferably natural but controlled conditions. This is both costly and requires a great deal of time.RF signal environment generation using Test & Measurement equipment brings field tests into the laboratory, where a controlled, cost-effective and reproducible environment exists. The R&S®Pulse Sequencer software is a versatile tool to generate arbitrary and realistic RF signal scenarios ensuringsystem readiness for the real operational world.This application note introduces the R&S®Pulse Sequencer software, explains several examples that are applicable for research, development, before operational and during life-time test in detail, and guides you through the necessary steps, to generate a self-defined, arbitrary real life RF signal environment.

17-Jan-2017 | AN-No. 1MA288

This application note describes how to detect even small fails in dynamic turn indicators with R&S®AdVISE.

30-Jul-2020 | AN-No. 1S006

A great number of measurements have to be performed to determine the quality of FM tuners. This Application Note presents a program that permits these measurements to be carried out in line with DIN EN60315-4.

11-Feb-2003 | AN-No. 1GA43

The R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer with the R&S®FSW-K160R realtime option enables wideband signal analysis and high probability of intercept.

04-Jun-2013

In addition to the main function, power electronic circuits very often have to provide other essential functions such as interfacing with submodules to fulfill system design requirements. Power designs therefore include bus communications in combination with a microcontroller. This can easily lead to more complex designs that may have a negative impact on the conducted emission measurements. Sometimes these auxiliary functions generate emissions infrequently, making it challenging to locate and isolate the root cause. An instrument with a very fast FFT analysis capability is essential to find infrequent events efficiently.

03-Mar-2023

Automated testing against the Chinese national GNSS test standard (GB/T 45086.1‑2024) with R&S®CMWrun sequencer software and the R&S®SMBV100B vector signal generator

20-Feb-2025

Voice over IP for air traffic control

19-Nov-2012

This application note provides information how to perform spectral emissionmeasurements on pulsed signals with spectrum analyzers using RBW filters with verywide bandwidth, and explains the capabilities and the limiting factors of the Rohde &Schwarz FSW signal and spectrum analyzer to perform this measurement.

06-Jun-2019 | AN-No. 1EF106

The R&S®BTC broadcast test center generates DVB-C2 signals for receiver tests with a variety of simulated interference types. The selection tests stipulated by the DVB Project require a cable TV network with full channel load. Combining the R&S®BTC broadcast test center and the R&S®CLG cable load generator makes it quick and easy to create a flexible cable TV network with full channel load and to simulate all types of realistic interference, permitting tests in accordance with DVB.

30-Jul-2013 | AN-No. 7BM88

The R&S®SITLine ETH provides certified cryptography to safeguard data communications within Hitachi file and content systems.

27-Jan-2014

Measuring efficiency with highest accuracy

02-Jun-2020

Integrating automotive radar sensors into cars is very challenging. Radars operate behind bumpers, design emblems, in side mirrors or other plastic parts of the car. All radome materials need to be sufficiently transparent and homogeneous for automotive radars, which operate in the 77 GHz and 79 GHz band or even both simultaneously. The new system measures, visualizes and analyzes radar radomes in a manner you have never seen before. Optimize your radome material for best performance and effective integration of modern automotive radar sensors.

27-Aug-2019

This document presents a simple procedure for network analysis that is more cost-effective than the use of scalar network analyzers. It allows the accurate measurement of the transmission characteristics of filters, amplifiers and frequency converters over a large frequency and dynamic range. In order to reach very high measurement speeds, Rohde & Schwarz signal generators are operated in 'List Mode', and Rohde & Schwarz power meters are operated in 'Buffered Mode.' The required programming for the signal gene­rator and the power meter is illustrated by excerpts from a Visual Basic program which is available, free of charge, upon request.

14-Jul-2006 | AN-No. 1MA101

Long acquisitions at maximum resolution with the history function

01-Dec-2017

Communications and information sharing are key success factors for military operations. Ever increasing number of remotely operated systems, sensors and distributed systems. Coordinating and controlling all these moving parts requires wireless communications, but the electromagnetic spectrum is becoming more and more congested. Spectrum superiority ensures reliable communications when and where it is needed.

25-Oct-2024

How to configure generic devices in R&S®ELEKTRA

R&S®ELEKTRA is able to communicate with many devices. Still, it is impossible to integrate drivers for all devices. Hence, R&S®ELEKTRA offers the possibility to integrate any device by configuring a generic driver. The configuration file contains commands that translate the language of the device for R&S®ELEKTRA and vice versa.

04-May-2023 | AN-No. 1SL398

This application note describes how to test and perform (E)GPRS-related measurements on mobile phones in compliance with the GSM standard using the R&S CMU200 by means of remote-control or manual operation.

07-Sep-2004 | AN-No. 1CM52

Testing multi carrier power amplifiers of the 3rd Generation requires test signals with a high dynamic range. This application note describes how a 4 carrier 3G WCDMA signal can be generated and measured with the application software SET_MC4. The software sets up to 4 SMIQ03HDs to generate the signal, and an FSU or FSQ to immediately evaluate and analyze the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) of the power amplifier. The setups are controlled remotely.The SET_MC4 source code is also included. Modify the code to meet your individual requirements or adopt the IEEE-commands into your own setup script.

13-Dec-2002 | AN-No. 1MA62